LCSD Grade 7/8 ELA
Terms
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- Limited Point of View
- - the point of view in which the narrator tells the story in the third person but confines himself to what is experienced, thought and felt by a single or limited number of characters
- Antagonist
- the character against the main character (protagonist)
- Prose
- - the ordinary form of language as distinguished from poetry
- Prewriting
- - the first creative stage of writing in which a writer formulates ideas, gathers information, and plans organization
- Main Idea
- - the chief topic of a piece
- Open-Ended Question
- - a type of question intended to produce a free response
- Literary Element
- - a component of a piece of literature
- Expository
- - a spoken or written composition which explains something
- Persona
- - a voice or character representing a speaker or narrator of a work
- Mood
- - the feeling or atmosphere the author creates for the reader
- Revision
- - the stage of writing in which one improves the meaning and structure of a draft
- Satire
- - a technique in which something is ridiculed for the purpose of improving society
- Predicate
- - one of the two main components of a sentence, containing the verb and its modifiers; the "action" of the sentence
- Resolution
- - the point in a literary work in which the problem is solved and the outcome
- Credibility
- - the quality of offering reasonable grounds for being believed
- Simile
- - a comparison using "like" or "as"
- Context Clues
- - information a reader may obtain from a text that helps confirm the
- Soliloquy
- - a speech, given alone on the stage, in which a character speaks his thoughts aloud
- Prefix
- - letters added before the base of a word
- Consonance
- - the repetition of similar consonant sounds in several words that are close together
- Scene
- - smaller division of a play
- Figurative Language
- - language enriched by word images and figures of speech
- Third Person Narration
- - narration in which the point of view is that of someone outside the story who refers to the characters as "he," "she," etc.
- Theme
- - the lesson or main idea of a work of literature
- Suffix
- - letters added to the end of the base of a word
- Expressive
- - writing that expresses the author's thoughts, opinions, or feelings
- Interrogative Sentence
- - a sentence that asks a question
- Venn Diagram
- - a mapping technique often used in a compare-contrast essay
- Synecdoche (pronounced sin-ek-do-key)
- - referring to a whole thing by mentioning only part of it
- Allusion
- reference to a piece of literature or a real person, place or event that the author expects the reader to recognize
- Props
- - articles used by actors in a play
- Thesis
- - the basic argument proposed by the speaker who then tries to prove it
- Transitions
- - words and phrases that help explain relationships between sentences and allow a reader to move from one idea to another
- Metaphor
- - a comparison not using "like" or "as"
- Anticlimax
- smaller, less important crisis leading to the main climax
- Cause and Effect
- - an organizational structure in which there is a description of events and their causes or consequences
- Pun
- - the usually humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more of its meanings
- First Person Narration
- - narration in which the point of view is that of the main character
- Denotation
- - the literal or "dictionary" meaning of a word
- Irony
- - when what happens is the opposite of what is expected
- Oxymoron
- - opposite words are used in the same phrase
- Plagiarism
- - to steal and pass off the ideas of another as one's own without crediting
- Antonym
- a word opposite in meaning to another word
- Malapropism
- - misuse of a word where the word that is used and the intended word have similar pronunciations
- Style
- - an author's distinct manner of expression
- Protagonist
- - the main character in a work
- Primary Source
- - firsthand knowledge, such as an eyewitness account
- Conclusion
- - a decision or judgment reached after thought and deliberation
- Personification
- - human qualities are given to animals or nonliving things
- Stereotyping
- - a standardized mental picture that represents an oversimplified opinion or attitude
- Flashback
- - the technique of stopping the chronological action in a story and shifting to an earlier period to introduce additional information
- Ad Lib
- improvisation or making up lines as you go along
- Coherence
- - the quality of a piece of writing in which the ideas are clearly arranged so a reader can follow the progression from one idea to the next
- Conflict
- - the problem or struggle of the main character (either internal or external)
- Setting
- - the time and place of a literary work
- Inference
- - a general conclusion drawn from information that is given
- Persuasive
- - writing that moves the reader by argument to a belief or position
- Allegory
- a story in which characters represent ideas or qualities
- Fable
- - a story intended to teach a lesson, especially one in which animals speak and act like humans
- Tone
- - the author's attitude toward his or her subject
- Connotation
- - the attitudes and feelings associated with a word as opposed to the word's actual meaning
- Synonym
- - a word which has a meaning similar to another word
- Chronological Order
- - arrangement of events according to their occurrence in time; sometimes called sequence
- Dialogue
- - conversation between characters
- Comparison and Contrast
- - an organizational structure of text in which a description of similarities and differences among two or more things occurs
- Topic Sentence
- -a sentence intended to express the main idea in a passage
- Paraphrase
- - rewriting a piece of literature in simple prose to clarify its meaning
- Plot
- - the sequence of events in a story (exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution)
- Assonance
- - the repetition of similar vowel sounds in several words that are close together
- Alliteration
- the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
- Rhyme Scheme
- - pattern of rhyme in a poem
- Climax
- - the story's most suspenseful moment
- Graphic Organizer
- - a method of organization of information which incorporates diagrams or other pictorial devices
- Act
- - larger division of a play
- Scenery
- - background setting for a play
- Fluency
- - the act of reading easily, smoothly and automatically
- Rhythm
- - the beat of poetry; its musical quality
- Anecdote
- a brief narrative of an interesting, unusual or biographical event often used to illustrate a point
- Denouement
- - the events following the climax of a drama or a novel
- Onomatopoeia (pronounced on-a-mat-a-pea-a)
- - words whose sound imitates their suggested meaning
- Conventions
- - the accepted rules of written and spoken language
- Imagery
- - words and phrases that create vivid sensory experience for the reader
- Irregular
- - an exception to a rule in the English language
- Dialect
- - a form of language spoken in a particular geographic area or by a particular social or ethnic group
- Six Writing Traits
- - ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, conventions
- Narrative
- - a story
- Editing
- - a step in preparing a written work for publication that focuses on clarity and correctness
- Symbol
- - a concrete thing that suggests something more abstract
- Subplot
- - the secondary action of a story, usually involving minor characters
- Genre (pronounced zhan-rah)
- - an established class or category of literature
- Idiom
- - a combination of words that is not strictly in accordance with grammatical rules and often possesses a meaning other than its grammatical or logical one
- Subject
- - in a sentence, the noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that denotes the person or thing performing the action
- Parallel Structure
- - the phrasing of language to balance ideas of equal importance
- Point of View
- - the perspective of a narrator of a piece of literature
- Parody
- - a work in which the style of another author is imitated for comic effect
- Refrain
- - repeated words or lines in a poem
- Brainstorming
- - a prewriting technique in which a writer jots down all ideas that come to mind on a topic to expand the range of available ideas, to solve a problem, or clarify a concept
- Characterization
- - the method an author uses to create the appearance and personality of imaginary characters; can by done by describing physical appearance, through the character's speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions, through another character's reactions to him, or by the narrator's comments
- Rubric
- - a set of rules which can be used as a means of evaluation
- Hyperbole (pronounced high-per-bow-lee)
- - exaggeration for the sake of emphasis
- Focus
- - the center of interest or attention
- Poetry
- - a kind of rhythmic, compressed language that uses figures of speech and imagery designed to appeal to our emotions and imaginations
- Homonym
- - a word with different origin and meaning but the same oral or written form as another word; includes homophones
- Exclamatory Sentence
- - a sentence that makes a strong statement or conveys strong or sudden emotion
- Speaker
- - the voice talking to us in a poem
- Etymology
- - the study of the sources and development of words; also called word origin
- Meter
- - rhythm pattern in a poem
- Homophone
- - a word with a different origin and meaning but the same pronunciation as another word, whether or not spelled alike
- Omniscient (pronounced om-nish-ent) Point of View
- - point of view in which a narrator is removed from the story and knows everything that needs to be known
- Monologue
- - an extended speech that is presented by one character
- Foreshadowing
- - the technique of giving clues to coming events in a narrative
- Secondary Source
- - a source that is reporting information from another source
- Declarative Sentence
- - a sentence that makes a statement