Psychology
Terms
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- Instinct
- complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
- Anorexia Nervosa
- When a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
- Incentives
- a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
- Metabolic Rate
- body's base rate of energy expenditure
- Sexual Motivation
- Sex is a physiologically based motive, like hunger, but it is more affected by learning and values
- Catharsis
- emotional release; catharsis hypothesis EX: "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
- Achievement Motivation
- a desire for significant accomplishment
- I/O Psychologists
- help organizations select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, and design products and assess responses to them
- Emotion
- a response of the whole organism
- Drive Reduction Theory
- the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
- Extrinsic Motivation
- desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment
- Impotence
- inability to have or maintain erection
- Polygraph
- machine that is commonly used in attempt to detect lies; measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion EX: perspiration, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing changes
- Social Leadership
- group oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
- Theory X
- Assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money should be directed from above
- Orgasmic disorder
- infrequent or absent orgasms
- James Lange Theory of Emotion
- Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli EX: Sight of oncoming car Pounding heart Fear (perception of stimulus)(arousal)(emotion)
- Belongingness and love needs
- Need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and alienation
- Sexual Orientation
- an enduring sexual attraction toward members of wither one's own gender (homosexual orientation) or the other gender (heterosexual orientation)
- Estrogen
- a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males
- Safety needs
- Need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; need to feel safe, secure, and stable
- Sexual Disorders
- problems that consistently impair sexual arousal or functioning
- Theory Y
- Assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity
- Physiological needs
- Need to satisfy hunger and thirst
- Motivation
- a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
- Task Leadership
- goal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
- Schachter's Two Factor Theory of Emotion
- To experience emotion one must: be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
- Set Point
- the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Disorder characterized by private "binge-purge" episodes of overeating, usually of high caloric foods, followed by vomiting or laxative use
- Esteem needs
- Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect from others
- Intrinsic Motivation
- desire to perform a behavior for its own sake or to be effective
- Emotional Arousal
- Autonomic nervous system controls physiological arousal
- Cannon Bard Theory of Emotion
- Emotion arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: physiological responses and subjective experience of emotion EX: Pounding heart (arousal) Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) Fear (emotion)
- Self-actualization needs
- Need to live up one's fullest and unique potential
- Relative Deprivation
- perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself