Dermatology Buzzwords and Associations
Terms
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- Acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, neutrophils, hypogranulosis
- Psoriasis
- Sebum, follicular infundibulum, lymphocytic infiltrate
- Acne vulgaris
- Wickham's striae
- Lichen planus
- Association with hepatitis C
- Lichen planus
- Band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes at dermal-epidermal junction
- Lichen planus
- Acanthosis with saw-toothing
- Lichen planus
- Wedge-shaped hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis (without parakeratosis)
- Lichen planus
- Prevalent in HIV and Parkinson's disease
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Cradle cap
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Spongiosis around follicular openings, focal parakeratosis, mild-moderate acanthosis
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Possible associations with sebum, Malassezia furfur
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Spongiotic dermatitis with variable parakeratosis and acanthosis; eosinophilic infiltrate
- Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
- Elevated IgE levels
- Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
- Post-infectious; associated with HSV-1
- Erythema multiforme minor
- Targetoid lesion on extensor aspects of extremities
- Erythema multiforme minor
- Usually drug-induced (sulfa drugs, NSAIDs)
- Erythema multiforme major (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis)
- Interface dermatitis with single necrotic keratinocytes
- Erythema multiforme major
- Split in lamina lucida of basement membrane on EM
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Subepidermal blister with no keratinocyte necrosis
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Linear IgG and C3 deposition along dermal-epidermal junction
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Positive Nikolsky sign
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Autoantibodies against desmoglein III
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Acantholysis with suprabasilar split
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Tombstoning of basal keratinocytes
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- IgG and C3 in intercellular staining pattern
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Koilocytic changes (intracellular clearing, prominent keratohyaline granules)
- Verruca vulgaris
- Verrucous epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis
- Verruca vulgaris
- Caused by Poxvirus
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Cup-like epidermal hyperplasia
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Epidermal necrosis with inflammation and balloon cells
- Herpes simplex (HSV-1, HSV-2)
- "Dew drops on rose petals" lesion
- Varicella (chickenpox)
- Grouped vesicles in dermatomal distribution
- Zoster (shingles)
- Positive Auspitz sign (punctate bleeding spots upon peeling off of scale)
- Psoriasis
- Koplik's spots
- Measles (paramyxovirus)
- Prodrome consisting of cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
- Measles (paramyxovirus)
- Associated with hydrops fetalis
- Parvovirus B19 infection (Fifth disease/erythema infectiosum)
- May induce aplastic crisis in individuals with sickle cell disease
- Parvovirus B19 infection (Fifth disease/erythema infectiosum)
- Cytopathogenic effect with multinucleated giant cells
- Measles, herpesviruses
- Complications include SSPE, bacterial superinfection, pneumonia, otitis media, croup, encephalitis
- Measles (paramyxovirus)
- Congenital syndrome results in cataracts, heart defects, neurologic defects
- Rubella (togavirus)
- Slapped cheek rash
- Parvovirus B19 infection (Fifth disease/erythema infectiosum)
- Hand-foot-mouth disease
- Coxsackie virus/enterovirus
- Syncytia formation in culture; hemadsorbing
- Mumps (paramyxovirus)
- Superficial disease of epidermis; honey-like exudate with black crust
- Impetigo
- Folliculitis/furuncles
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Cellulitis related to handling fresh fish
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Cellulitis related to freshwater exposure
- Aeromonas hydrophila
- Cellulitis related to ingestion of raw oysters in patients with liver disease
- Vibrio vulnificus
- Necrotizing fasciitis type II
- Streptococcus pyogenes (occasionally MRSA)
- Necrotizing fasciitis type I (Fournier's gangrene)
- Mixed process (anaerobes)
- Gas gangrene
- Clostridium perfringens
- Well-circumscribed brown macule; basal hyperpigmentation; acanthosis with regular elongation of rete ridges
- Lentigo simplex
- Flat, deeply pigmented macule; nests of melanocytes at dermal-epidermal junction
- Junctional melanocytic nevus
- Well-circumscribed raised lesion with epidermal and dermal nests of melanocytes
- Compound melanocytic nevus
- Polypoid, flesh-colored lesion with dermal melanocyte nests and no epidermal component
- Intraepidermal melanocytic nevus
- No lateral growth phase; impossible to detect early; large atypical melanocytes invade dermis
- Nodular melanoma
- Tinea pedis, tinea cruris; anthropophilic dermatophyte
- Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum
- Tinea capitis; ectothrix; zoophilic
- Microsporum canis
- Tinea capitis; endothrix; more prevalent in individuals with curly hair; causes diffuse hair loss
- Trichophyton tonsurans
- Causative agent of tinea versicolor
- Malassezia furfur
- Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on KOH prep
- Malassezia furfur
- Intertrigo, diaper rash
- Candida albicans
- Reservoir = plants, wood
- Sporothrix schenckii
- Linear nodules spread by lymphatics
- Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)
- Treatment is with potassium iodide (or itraconazole)
- Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)
- Superficial linear burrows; nocturnal pruritus
- Sarcoptes scabei (mange mite)
- Vector for plague (Yersinia pestis)
- Fleas (Pulex irritans)
- Wriggling nodules; Central and South America
- Dermatobia hominis (human botfy)
- Premalignant condition that can evolve into squamous carcinoma in situ
- Actinic keratosis
- Cutaneous horn
- Actinic keratosis
- Variable acanthosis, budding of atypical keratinocytes; alternating hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis; solar elastosis
- Actinic keratosis
- Second most common form of skin cancer
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Most common form of skin cancer
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Peripheral palisading of keratinocytes, mucinous tumor stroma, cleft formation
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Mutations in patched gene
- Basal cell carcinoma
- T cell (CD4) lymphoma of skin
- Mycosis fungoides
- Erythroderma/red man syndrome
- Mycosis fungoides
- Hyperconvoluted and hyperchromatic nuclear membranes
- Mycosis fungoides (Sezary cells)
- Sezary cells, epidermotropism, Pautrier's microabscesses
- Mycosis fungoides
- Fried egg appearance on EM
- Herpesvirus
- Reye's syndrome
- Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- HHV-8
- Gingivostomatitis
- HSV-1
- Neonatal herpes
- HSV-2
- Herpes labialis
- HSV-1
- Herpes genitalis
- HSV-2
- Roseola infantum
- HHV-6
- HPV protein that degrades p53
- E6
- HPV protein that inactivates RB
- E7
- HPV protein that regulates E6 and E7 and is disrupted during linearization/integration into host genome
- E2
- HPV protein that decreases EGF receptor turnover
- E5
- Cause of warts on hands and feet
- HPV types 1 and 2
- Related to cervical cancer
- HPV types 16 and 18
- Related to benign genital disease (e.g., condyloma acuminatum)
- HPV types 6 and 11
- Koilocytosis is pathognomonic
- HPV infection
- Inflammatory tinea pedis
- Trichophyton mentagrophytes
- Reiter's syndrome
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Strong causal association with PID, postabortive fever, postpartum fever
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Main causes of PID
- Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Pruritic or malodorous frothy vaginal discharge; colpitis maculae; vaginal wall inflammation
- Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)
- Single, painless chancre with indurated edge and clean base
- Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
- Multiple chancres with marked tenderness; soft edges and clean base
- Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
- Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
- Syphilis
- Homogenous, adherent vaginal discharge with bubbles
- Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis)
- Positive amine whiff test
- Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis)
- Beefy red protuberant lesion; kissing lesions
- Donovanosis (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis)