Cariology
Terms
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- the study of disease and its determinants in populations and groups
- epidemiology
- This type of epidemiology uses survey methods to collect data about a particular, defined population to descrive their oral health status.
- descriptive
- This type of epidemiology uses specific designs to test a hypothesis and demonstrat an association and establish a relationship. can assess outcomes of preventive or interventional treatments, or natural history of a disease
- analytical
- in analytical epidemiological studies, this is a group of people about the same age
- cohort
- A subjective feel of dry mouth
- xerostomia
- An objective measurement of dry mouth
- hyposalivation
- In epidemiological studies, this term means the # of individuals affected
- prevalence
- In epidemiological studies, this term means the # of new cases in a defined period
- incidence
- a dental index that signifies caries prevalence by # of Decayed, Missing, of Filled permanent teeth
- DMFT
- a dental index that signifies caries prevalence by # of Decayed, Missing, of Filled permanent surfaces
- DMFS
- In 1974 what percent of U.S. school children were caries free (DMFT)?
- 25
- In 1980 what percent of U.S. school children were caries free (DMFT)?
- 37
- In 1989 what percent of U.S. school children were caries free (DMFT)?
- 50
- NHANES III showed that what percentage of children experience 80% of dental caries?
- 25
- NHANES III showed that what percentage of adults exhibited evidence of past or present caries?
- 94
- The Oral Health in America report by the Surgeon General showed what as the most common chronic childhood disease?
- tooth decay
- Who is the father of modern dentistry?
- G.V. Black
- What 3 discoveries had the greatest impact on cariology?
- 1) 1930s-40s - correlation established between sugar consumption and caries. 2) Late 1940s-50s - role of streptococci caused caries & established caries as an infectious/transmittable disease. 3) 1940s - demonstration that fluoride in water supplies reduced caries.
- What are the 3 major factors in caries formation?
- tooth, substrate, & flora
- gram+ aerobic non-motile bacteria that produces acids
- Streptococcus mutans
- gram+ non-motile rods; grows under anaerobic conditions & produces acids
- Lactobacilli
- What 5 of enamel & dentin are mineralized?
- 95-98, 60-65
- In saliva, what do the electrolytes & organic molecules serve?
- to minimize drops in local pH
- In saliva, sodium bicarbonate & phosphates act as
- buffers
- a salivary protein that raises pH to neutral levels
- Sialin
- How much saliva produced in a day?
- 0.5-1liter
- term for the stone that blocks a salivary gland?
- Sialolith
- What are the 3 stages of Bacterial Plaque formation?
- 1) Pellicle formation 2) bacterial colonization 3) plaque maturation
- a matur plaque is generally how old?
- 2 weeks or older
- On an exposed, recently cleaned tooth surface, how fast is pellicle formation?
- really, really, really fast. Immediate formation
- When white blood cells are found in the plaque, what stage have you reached?
- Bacterial colonization, stage 2
- During days 4-7 (stage 2) which bacteria are colonizing?
- filamentous bac, rods, fusobacteria
- During days 7-14 (stage 2) which bacteria are colonizing?
- vibrios & spirochetes
- T/F: Caries is always farther advanced clinically than radiographically
- T
- When checking for caries, is it better to have a dull or sharp explorer?
- dull, to prevent false positives
- pH range where enamel demineralies:
- 4.5-5.5
- pH range where root surface demineralizes
- 6-6.7
- what pH range is considered neutral (i.e. between meals)
- 6.2-7.0
- 3 ways in which F+ inhibits carious process
- inhibits plaque bacteria, inhibits demineralization, enhances remineralization by creating a cries resistant surface (fluoroapatite)
- What is the chemical in Peridex or PerioGard & what is its action?
- Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%). Reduces plaque organisms on tooth surfaces, dental plaque and oral mucosa. It disrupts cell membrane of bac cells.
- How would you use periogard/peridex to treat gingivitis?
- 2x daily for 2 weeeks
- What is the gum sugar substitute shown to inhibit S. mutans adherence to plauque?
- Xylitol
- Name the class of lesion: Lingual surface of maxillary incisor
- I
- Name the class of lesion: proximal surfaces of premolars and molars
- II
- Name the class of lesion: proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that don't involve the incisal angle
- III
- Name the class of lesion: proximal surfaces of incisors or canines that involve incisal angle
- IV
- cervical 1/3 of facial or lingual surfaces (not pit or fissure)
- V
- incisal edges of anterior teeth and cusp tips of posterior teeth
- VI
- facial and lingual surfaces of molars
- I
- occlusal surface of premolars/molars
- I