Nutrition Unit VIII
Terms
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- ______ is a major constituent of alveolar bone.
- Collagen
-
Up to ___% of total bone calcium remains in an amorphous state.
a. 2
b. 5
c. 10
d. 12 - c. 10
- Teeth are composed of 3 calcified structures.
-
1. enamel
2. dentin
3. cementum - What % of bone, dentin, cementum is organic material?
- 20
- What % of enamel is organic material?
- 1
- Enamel is comparable to the hardness of _____.
- quartz
- Minerals are divided into _____ and ____.
- Micronutrients and major minerals
-
True or False
Vitamins are inorganic and minerals are organic -
False
Vitamins are organic and minerals are inorganic - At least 99% of the body's calcium is found in the _____ and ____.
- skeleton and teeth.
- What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
- Calcium
- What mineral plays a role in blood clotting?
- Calcium
- Where is calcium absorbed?
- intestine.
- Deficiencies in calcium can result in insufficient absorption in ______ and ____.
- Vitamin D and phosphorus
- Menopausal women have decreased calcium absorption due to decreased _____.
- estrogen levels
- Calcium supplement absorption can be enhanced if taken with ________.
- some form of sugar
- What antibiotic decreases the absorption of calcium?
- Tetracycline
- _____ keeps calcium soluble.
- Stomach acid
- To maximize calcium absorption, the body needs adequate _____ and ____.
- vitamin D & protein
- In the US ____ & ____ provides most of the calcium in the diet
- Milk and Dairy
- Hypercalcemia can be caused by excessive calcium intake and ______.
- hyperparathyroidism
- In regards to minerals, kidney stones can be caused by excessive intake of ____.
- calcium
- Hypocalcemia results in ____.
- tetany
- Without _____, most women tend to lose 2-5% of bone tissue per year.
- estrogen
- The _____ is a common sign of osteoporosis.
- Dowagers Hump
- What is the second most abundunt mineral in the body?
- phosphorus
- What % of phosphorus is in the skeleton and teeth?
- 85
- What mineral functions in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins?
- Phosphorus
- Low serum phosphorus stimulates the kidney to produce more ______.
- vitamin D
- A diet adequate in calcium and protein will contain enough _____ as well.
- phosphorus
-
True or False
Deficiencies in phosphorus have not been observed. - True - because phosphorus is very abundent in foods
- Hyperphosphatemia may occur in cases of _____ or ____.
- hypoparathyroidism or renal deficiency
- Deficiency of phosphorus is usually the results of overconsumption of ______ that contain ______.
- antacids & aluminum hydroxide.
-
True or False
Aluminum competes with phosphorus for absorption. - True
- Bones contain almost _____ of the body's magnesium.
- 2/3
- What is the third most abundant mineral in teeth?
- Magnesium
- What mineral functions to maintain calcium homeostasis?
- Magnesium
- What mineral is issential for mineralization of bones and teeth?
- Magnesium
- What mineral is responsible for activating enzymes that release energy from carbohydrates, fats, and lipids>
- Magnesium
- Magnesium competes with ____ for absorption.
- Calcium
- The major food sources of magnesium are foods that contain _____.
- chlorophyll- green leaft veggies
- Which mineral has been associated with kidney failure and includes symptoms such as lethargy, sedation, hypotension, and low pulse?
- Magnesium
- Deficiencies of this mineral can be seen in gastrointestinal abnormalities, renal disease, PEM, and alcoholism.
- Magnesium
- Dietart deficiencies of this mineral are associated with alveolar bone formation being reduced, widening of the periodontal ligament space, and gingival hyperplasia.
- Magnesium
-
True or False
Fluroride is considered an essential nutrient - False
- Most fluoride is absorbed in the _____.
- stomach.
- The optimal fluoride level ranges between ______.
- .7 - 1.2 ppm.
- The richest source of fluoride is _______.
- seafood
- At levels of more than ___ crippling skeletal fluorisis results.
- 10 ppm