This site is 100% ad supported. Please add an exception to adblock for this site.

definitions for chpater 6 psych

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
sensation
teh detection of teh elementary properties of a stimulus
perception
teh detection of the more complex properties of a stimulus including its location and nature; involves learning
transduction
the conversion of physical stimuli into changes in the actibity of receptor cells of sensory organs
receptor cell
a neuron that directly responds to a physical stimulus such as light, vibrations, ot aromatic molecules
ANATOMICAL CODING
A means by which the nervous system represents information different features are coded by teh activity of different neurons
temporal coding
a means by which the nervous system represents information different features are coded by the pattern of activity of neurons
psychophysics
a branch of psych that measures the quantitive relation between physical stimuli and perceptual experience
just noticeable difference (jnd)
the smallest diffrent two similar stimuli that can be distinguished aksi called difference threshhold
weber's fraction
the ratio between a just noticeable diffrence an the magnitude of a stimulus reasonably constant over the middle range of most stimulus intensities
threshold
the point at which a stimulus or a change in teh value of a stimulus can just be detected
signal detection theory
a mathematical theory o fthe detection of stimuli which involves discriminating a signal from the noice in which it is embedded and which takes into account suvject's willingness to report detecting teh signal
receiver operating chracteristic curve(roc curve)
a graph of hits and false alarms of subjects under different motivational conditions: indicates people's ability to detect a particular stimulus
wavelength
the distance between adjacent waves of radiant energy in vision most closely associated with the perceptual dimension of hue
cornea
the transperant tissue covering the front of teh eye
sclera
the tough outer layer of the eye; teh "white" of teh eye
iris
the pigmented muscle of teh eye that controls the size of the pupil
lens
the transparent organ situated behind the iris of the eye; helps focus an image on teh retina
accomodation
changes in teh thickness of teh lens of teh eye that focus images of near or distant objects on teh retina
retina
the tissue at the back inside surface of the eye that contains the photoreceptors and associated neurons.
photoreceptor
a receptive cell for vision in the retina (a cone or rod)
optic disc
a circular structure located at teh exit point form teh retina of teh axons of teh ganglion cells that form the optic nerve
bipolar cell
a neuron in teh retina that receives information from photoreceptors and passes it on to the ganglion cells; from which axons proceed through optic nerves to teh brain
ganglion cells
a neuron in teh retina that recives informaiton from photoreceptors bu means of biopolar cells and from which axons procees through teh optic nerves to teh brain.
rod
a photoreceptor that is very sensitive to light but cannotdetect changes in hue
cone
a photoreceptor that is responsible for acute daytime vision for colour perception
fovea
a small pit near the centre of the retina containg densely packed cones; responsible for the most acute and detailed vision
photopigment
a conplex molecule found in photoreceptors; when struck by light it splits apart and stimulates teh membrance of the photoreceptor in wihc it resides
rhodopsin
the photopigment contained by rods
dark adaptation
teh process wby which teh eye becomes capable of distinguishing dimly illuminated objects after going from a bright area to a dark one.
conjugate movement
teh cooperative movement of teh eyes, which ensures that the image of an bject falls on identical portions of both retinas
saccadic movement
the rapid movement of teh eyes that is used in scanning a visual scene as opposed to teh smoooth pursuit movements used to follow a moving object
pursuit movement
the movement that the eyes make to maintain an image of a moving imgae upon the fovea
hue
a perceptual dimension of colour most closely related to the wavelength of a pure light
brightness
a perceptual dimension of colour most closely related to the intensity or degree f radiant energy emitted by a visual stimulus
saturation
a perceptual dimension of colour, most closely associated with purity of a colour
colour mixing
the perception of two or more lights of different wavelengths seem togther as light of an intermediate wavelength
trichromatic theory
the colour vision is accomplished by three types of photoreceptors. each of which is maximally sensitive to a different wavelength of light
opponent process
the representation of colours by the rate of firing of two types of neurons: red/green and yellow/blue
negative after image
the image seen after a portion of teh retina is exposed to an intense visual stimulus; a negative afterimage consists of colours complementary to those of the physical stimulus
protanopia
form of hereditary anomalous colour vision; caused by detective "red" cones in teh retina
deuteranopia
form of hereditary anomalous colour vision; caused by defective "green" cone sin teh retina
tritanopia
form of hereditary anomalous colour vision caused by lack of "blue" cones in the retina
hertz
primary measure of teh frequency of vibration of the sound waves; cycles per second
ossicle
1/3 bones of teh middle ear (teh hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that transmit acoustical vibrations from teh eardrum to the membrance behind the oval window of the cochlea
cochlea
a snail-shaped chamber set in bone in teh inner ear where auditon takes place
oval windown
an opening in teh bone surroudning the cochlea. teh stirrup presses against a membrance ehind the oval window and transmits sounds vibrations into the fluid within the cochlea

Deck Info

46

permalink