Crime and Violence Ch. 4
Terms
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- Acuantance Rape
- Rape commited by someone the victim knows.
- Brady Bill
- 5-Day waiting period on handgun purchases so seller can screen buyers for criminal recordsor mental instability.
- Classic Rape
-
The rapist was a strangerwho used a weapon and the attack
resulted in serious bodily injury. - Clearance Rate
- Measure The % of cases in which an arrest and official charge is made(turned over to courts).
- Computer Crime
- Any violation of the Law in which a computer is the target or means of criminal activity.
- Control Theory
- A strong social bond between individuals and the social order constrains some individuals from violating social norms.
- Corporate Violence
- production of unsafe products and the failure of corporations to provide a safe working envioronment for their employees.
- Crime
- Violation of Federal, State, and Local Law.
- Deterrence
- Use of harm or threat to prevent unwanted behaviors.
- Differential Association
- Assignment of meaning and definitions learned from others is also central to the second symbolic interaction-ist theory of crime. Ex. Children who see their parents benefit from crime.
- Incapacitation
- Placing offender in prison so that he/she is unable to commit further crimees against the general public.
-
Index Offense
(Street Crimes) - Most serious crimes in the United States against a person or property. Murder, Forcible Rape, Aggravated Assult, Burglary, Larceny/Theft, Motor Vehicle Theft, and Arsen.
- Labeling Theory
-
Emanate from the Social Interactionist Perspective.
1) How do crime and deviance come to be defined?
2) What are the effects of being labeledas a criminal or deviant? - Organized Crime
- Criminal activity conducted by members of a hierarchically arranged strycture devoted primarilyto make money through illigal means. (Mafia, Yakuza of Japan)Largest
- Primary Deviance
- Deviant behavior committed before a person is caught and labeled an offender.
- Racial Profiling
- Targeting suspects based on race status.
- Rehabilitation
- Assumes that criminal behavior is caused by sociological, psychological, and/or biological forces rather than solely a product of will.
- Restorative Justice
- Repairing the victim-offender-community-relation.
- Secondary Deviance
- Devience from being caught and labeled.
- Strain Theory
- Strain may lead to crime. (no job or money)
- Subcultural Theory
- Argue that certain groups or subcultures in society have values and attitudes that are conducive to crime and violence.
- Transnational Crime
- Ortganized criminal activity across one or more national borders.
- Victimless Crimes
- Vice crimes or illigal activities that have no complaining party. (illigal drugs, prostitution, illigal gambling, pornography).
- White-collar crimes
- Occupational crime and corporate crime in which individuals commit crimes in the course of their employment.
- What percentage of the United States street gangs are racial minorities?
- 3/4
-
Black males between the ages of 20 and 39 make up about___
of the prison population. - 1/3
- ___ out of every 240 people in the US was likly to be a victim of murder in his or her lifetime.
- 1 out of 240
- Status offense
-
An violation that can only be
committed by a juvenile. (running away, truency, underage drinking) - Delinquent offense
- An offense that would be a crime if commited by an adult.