07-Organ Systems-The Skeletal System
Terms
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- Diaphysis
- The main shaft-like portion of a long bone
- Spine
- Sharp, slender, often pointed projection.
- Tuberosity
- Large, rounded projection may be roughened
- Rotation
- The pivoting of a bone on its own axis somewhat as a top turns on its axis
- Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses
- Skeletal System Articulations are: _______________________________
- Epiphysis
- Expanded portion at the end of each long bone, which articulates or forms a joint with another bone.
- Horizontal Adduction
- Moves a bone toward the midline of the body at a horizontal level
- Extension
- The return from flexion.
- Endosteum
- The membrane, which lines the medullary cavity of long bones.
- Eversion
- Turns the sole of the foot outward
- Bones of the spinal column (vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx), and certain bones of the skull (sphenoid, ethmoid & mandible).
- Irregular Bones are: ______________________________
- the axial and the appendicular
- The skeleton can be divided into two divisions:_______________________
- Groove
- Furrow in bone
- Lateral Flexion
- Decreasing the size of the angle between the lateral surfaces of the body
- Diarthroses
- The ends of bones are held together by a joint capsule composed of an outer layer of ligaments and an inner layer of synovial membrane, which secrets synovial fluid to act as a joint lubricant.
- approximately 206
- There are _____________________ bones in the human skeleton
- Head
- Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck; an enlargement on the end of a bone that usually articulates with another bone
- Head, Facet, Condyle, Ramus, Suture
- Projections of bone that help to form joints: _________________________
- pectoral girdle, arms, pelvic girdle & legs
- appendicular portion consists of the ___________________________________
- Protraction
- Moving a part forward
- Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, Irregular Bones
- Types of Bones: _______________________________________________________
- Certain bones of the cranium (frontals, occipital & parietals), sternum, ribs, scapula, and pelvis.
- Flat Bones are: _____________________________
- Meatus, Sinus, Fossa, Groove, Fissure, Foramen
- Depressions & openings in bone allowing blood vessels & nerves to pass: __________________________________
- Inversion
- Turns the sole of the foot inward
- Articular Cartilage
- The thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular or joint surfaces of the epiphysis.
- Supination
- Movement of the forearm that turns the palm forward, as it is in anatomical position
- Fissure
- Narrow, slit-like opening.
- Suture
- A line of union between bones
- Facet
- Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
- Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Articular Cartilage, Periosteum, Medullary (marrow) Cavity, Endosteum
- A long bone consists of the following structures: ___________________________________
- Abduction
- Moves a bone away from the midline of the body
- Flexion, Lateral Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Horizontal Adduction, Rotation, Inversion, Eversion, Circumduction, Supination, Pronation, Elevation, Depression, Protraction, Retraction,
- Definitions of Movement are: _______________________________
- Process
- A prominent projection on a bone (i.e. mastoid process of the temporal bone).
- Medullary (marrow) Cavity
- A tube-like hollow within the diaphysis of a long bone occupied by marrow.
- Amphiarthroses
- Slightly movable joints.They are connected by discs of cartilage.
- Retraction
- Moving a part backward
- Flexion
- Decreases the size of the angle between the anterior surfaces of articulating bones.
- Line
- Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest (linea aspera of the posterior femur).
- Wrist & ankle bones (carpals & tarsals).
- Short Bones are: __________________________
- Fossa
- Shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface.
- Ramus
- Arm-like bar ofbone
- Elevation
- Raising a part
- Trochanter
- Very large, blunt, irregular process only on femur.
- bones of the upper and lower arm (humerus, ulna), of the thigh and leg (femur, tibia, and fibula), and of the fingers and toes (phalanges)
- Examples of long bones: ___________________________________
- skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column & thoracic cage
- the axial portion consists of the ________________________________________
- Meatus
- A tube like passageway within a bone
- Support, Protection, Movement, Reservoir (Storage), Hemopoiesis
- Five Functions of Bones are : _______________________
- skeletal system
- Bones are the organs of the ________________________
- Tuberosity, Tubercle, Trochanter, Crest, Line, Epicondyle, Spine, Malleolus, Process
- Projections of bone - sites for muscle attachment: _______________________________________
- Malleolus
- Medial & lateral projections at the distal ends of the tibia & fibula (i.e. anklebones).
- Epicondyle
- Raised area on or above a condyle.
- Crest
- Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent (iliac crest of ilium).
- Periosteum
- A tough covering of dense, white fibrous tissue that covers the bone except at joint surfaces, (where articular cartilage forms the covering).
- Foramen
- Round or oval opening through a bone that usually serves as a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments
- Synarthroses
- Occur between bones that come into close contact with one another. A thin layer ofjibrous tissue separates the bones at these joints.
- Condyle
- Rounded process that usually articulates with another bone
- Circumduction
- Causes the bone to describe the surface of a cone as it moves.
- Tubercle
- Small, rounded knob-like process
- Adduction
- Moves a bone toward the midline of the body
- Pronation
- Turning the forearm so as to bring the back of the hand forward, palms down
- Sinus
- Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane.
- Depression
- Lowering a part