BIOLOGY EXAM DEFINITIONS
I hope this helps :D (you're on your own with the questions)
Terms
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- observation
- using your senses to examine something
- polar
- uneven pattern of charges one element pulls from the others
- DNA
- Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. Instructions for life (library)
- ecology
- the study of interactions of organisms and their environment
- endocytosis
- cell ingests substances
- facilitated diffusion
- passive transport using carrier proteins
- phenotype
- physical appearance of an organism
- diploid
- two sets of each chromosome (humans 46)
- element
- substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter
- binary fission
- division in prokaryotic cells; has identical copy of original cells chromosome
- concentration
- measurement of the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solution
- osmosis
- diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an
- ion channel
- transport ions from higher to lower concentration
- centromere
- constricted region of chromosomes
- pinocytosis
- cell ingests solutes and fluids
- experiment
- a way to test a hypothesis
- cytokinesis
- cytoplasm divides
- homeostasis
- stable level of internal conditions, all living things must exist in this
- homozygous
- both alleles are the same
- cellular respiration
- cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
- buffer
- neutralizes small amounts of acid or base
- cells
- basic unit of life
- law of independent assortment
- alleles of different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently
- ionic bond
- positive and negative charges are attracted to each other
- genotype
- genetic makeup of an organism
- central vacuole
- fluid filled organelle only in plants
- biology
- the study of all living things
- biochemical pathway
- series of linked chemical reactions
- recessive
- only observed if homozygous
- fermentation
- no oxygen used by many unicellular organisms and some multicellular organisms
- hypothesis
- an intelligent guess based on information
- nucleic acid
- large and complex organic molecules that store important information in the cell
- organelles
- sub-cellular structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive
- glycolysis
- biochemical pathway first pathway to cellular respiration
- acid
- under 7 on the ph scale
- carbohydrate
- organic compounds present in living cells
- dominant
- the trait expressed
- compound
- a pure substance made up of atoms of two or more elements
- Calvin Cycle
- organic compounds are formed using CO2 and chemical energy (ATP & NADPH)
- exocytosis
- process of releasing contents of cells to the external environment
- lipid
- large non polar organic molecule that do not dissolve in water
- mitosis
- "copy" new cells with genetic material that is identical to the original cell
- haploid
- one set of each chromosome (humans 23)
- karyotype
- picture of all chromosomes
- ion
- atom or molecule with an electrical charge
- polymer
- compound consisting of repeated linked monomers
- heterozygous
- both alleles are different
- monomer
- a repeated single unit in a polymer
- catalyst
- substance that reduces the amount of activation energy needed
- electron
- negatively charged particles; they form energy levels around the nucleus
- diffusion
- movement from an area of up concentration to an area of down concentration
- autotroph
- organisms that make their own energy from sunlight or chemical bonds
- theory
- statement 99.9999% true
- activation energy
- the amount of energy needed to start an rxn
- base
- over 7 on the ph scale
- molecule
- the simplest part of a substance that can exist in a free state
- heredity
- the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring
- organic compound
- contains carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to C and other(H,O,N)
- phagocytosis
- cell ingests large particles or whole cells
- law of segregation
- the alleles segregate or separate during the formation of gametes
- covalent bond
- forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
- heterotroph
- organisms that get their energy form the food they eat
- photosynthesis
- process by which sunlight is converted into energy
- protein
- organic compound composed mainly of C1 H1 O1+ N