Psychology Test 2 2
Terms
undefined, object
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- sensation
- process of stimulation of a receptor that gives rise to neural impulses leading to an experience of feeling or awareness of conditions outside or inside the body
- Titchener
- studied structuralism under Wundt, opened field of psychophysics
- psychophysics
- study of relationship between physical stimulation and behavior you get at a neural level
- transduction
- electro chemical process
- chemoreceptors
- taste and smell receptors
- photoreceptors
- vision receptors
- thermoreceptors
- heat and cold receptors
- mechanoreceptors
- movement receptors
- absolute threshhold
- minnimum ammount of sensation needed for 50% of population to detect something
- Webber's law
- the more you have, the harder it is to detect a change
- difference
- detect when you notice there's a change
- major ways of difference or limitation
- attention, physical, response bias, subliminal messages
- response bias
- habit, ex: stop sign
- the order of the eye
- cornea, pupil, iris, vitrious humor, retina
- hue
- light is captured
- saturation
- vividness, how much light comes in
- brightness
- intensity of light
- bones in the inner ear
- stirrup, hammer, anvil
- pitch
- level of sound
- pain's defense mechanism
- endorphins
- perception
- sense made out of sensation
- object recognition
- past knowledge, experience, inference
- illusion
- persieve something that isn't there
- delusion
- false belief
- hallucination
- hear, see, smell something not there
- gestaltists
- how we organize perception in our mind
- region segregation
- what you see in figure ground and figure goodness
- figure ground
- what you see in the figure and whats in the background
- closure
- we tend to close things in our mind so they would make sense
- law of proximity
- we put together things that are close together
- law of similarity
- we put things together that are alike
- law of common fate
- if a child has a ball, and rolls it, then whatever rolls is now a ball
- learning
- a process that leads the permanent or petential change based on experience
- associationism
- come together in time and space
- adaptive hedonism
- pleasure pain principle
- behavioralists
- the people who studied learning, goal to predict future behavior
- pavlov
- dog and food, teaching to get unconditioned response
- unconditioned stimulus
- food, the object in the beginning, but not in the end
- conditioned response
- ringing a bell, connecting to object
- unconditioned response
- drooling of dog, response to unconditioned stimulus
- elicited
- provoke
- classical conditioning
- dog example, based on associationism
- extinction
- when the dog unlearns the habit of salivating for the bell
- spontaneous recovery
- a stronger association, testing once more for the unconditioned response
- instrumental conditioning
- learning based on consequence
- skinner
- rats
- thorndike
- cats
- law of effect
- behavior is controlled by consequences, and is a choice
- disciminate stimulus
- something tells you its available ex: smoking
- stimulus reinforcement
- consequences
- positive reinforcement
- something received after response that increases liklihood that you'll do it again ex: don't smoke and you get a cookie
- punishment reinforcement
-
response that decreases possibility of behavior
ex: smoke and you'll get detention - negative reinforcement
- increased liklihood of behavior
- fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
-
not changing bahavior
ex: get paid for # of t-shirts - varied ratio
- slot machine- could be next pull to make it big
- fixed interval
- salary - get paid once a month
- varied interval
- not based on behavior, based on time- extra credit
- when learning doesn't happen
- expection of reinforcement
- species specific behavior
- racoons putting nickels in bank
- observation learning
- ex: looking up at sky when others do
- learned helplessness
- giving up
- seligman
- dog experiment jumping out of walls
- battered wife syndrome
- fear in mind makes if so one can't go
- 3 aspects of consciousness awareness
- limits sensory info, divides objects into space and time, draw on history
- common reality
- shouldn't give consensual evaluation ex: monster under bed
- anoetic consciousness
- knowledge based on situation, aka, how to do something
- noetic consciousness
- general knowledge ex: math symbols
- autonoetic
- self knowledge ex: teacher you had in kindegarten
- consious
- fully alert
- non concious
- fully aler byt you don't know
- sub conscious
- there, but you need a hint
- unconsious
- there, but you can't get it
- attention
- focused, central nervous system ready to respond
- automacity
- automaticalle do something, like putting the sugar in the freezer or the keys in the trash
- mindlessness
- just "because"
- delta sleep
- deep sleep
- rem
- rapid eye movement and dreaming
- corpus callosum
- consiousness part of the brain
- alternate states
- daydreaming, life after death, hallucinations, hypnosis, stimulants, depressants
- DAS
- dissociation mental illness
- dependents for fffect of drug
- type, method, amount
- memory
- mental capacity to store and later recall or recognize previous events
- recollection of memory
- harder ex: definitions
- recognition of memory
- easier
- cognition
- studied memory , discovered minds are like PC's
- 3 step process to memory
- encoding, storage, retrieval
- sensory memory
- 1-2 seconds, encoding takes place
- icon
- visual
- echo
- auditory
- short-term memory
- 1-20 seconds, conveyor belt
- long-term memory
- maybe forever, filing system
- encoding
- mnemonics, acronyms and rhymes to learn
- state dependency
- same place for memory retrieval