Chapter 8 Questions
Terms
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- What is an abstraction that purports to account for or explain phenomena?
- Theory
- There are two types of theories: __________, __________, _________, and ________.
-
Classical theory
Descriptive theory
Grand theory
Middle-range theory - What is a Classical Theory?
- An abstract generalization that systematically explains relationships among phenomena.
- What is a Descriptive theory?
- A theory that thoroughly describes a phenomenon, based on rich observations of it
- What is a Grand theory?
- A theory that attempts to explain large aspects of human experiences
- What is a Middle-range theory?
- A theory that focuses on a specific aspect of human experience (e.g., stress)
- What are Conceptual Models?
-
~Deal with abstractions, assembled in a coherent scheme
~Represent a less formal attempt to explain phenomena than theories
~Do not have formal propositions about relationships among phenomena - What is a Framework?
- The overall conceptual underpinnings of a study
- What are the 2 type of frameworks?
- Theoretical framework and Conceptual framework
- What is a Conceptual framework?
- A study that is based on a conceptual model
- What is a Theoretical framework?
- based on theory
- What are the Commonalities between Theories and Conceptual Models?
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~use concepts as building blocks
~require conceptual definitions of key concepts
~can be depicted in schematic models
~are created by humans
~are developed inductively
~cannot be proved—they are supported to greater or lesser degrees
~can be used to generate hypotheses
~can serve as a stimulus to research - What are the four concepts central to models of nursing?
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Person
Environment
Health
Nursing - What are two Conceptual models of nursing?
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Roy’s Adaptation Model
Orem’s Self-Care Model - What are two other models developed by nurses:
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~Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM)
~Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory - What are four examples of Non-Nursing Models Used by Nurse Researchers? (Shared theories)
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~Becker’s Health Belief Model (HBM)
~Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory of Stress and Coping
~Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
~Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory - What are the Theories in Qualitative Research?
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~Substantive theory
~Theory embedded in a research tradition
-Grounded theory
-Ethnography
-Phenomenology - What is Substantive theory?
- conceptualizations of the target phenomena
- What is the use of Theories or Models in Quantitative Research?
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~Testing a theory
~Testing two competing theories
~Testing a theory-based intervention
~Using a theory/model as an organizing structure
~Fitting a problem into theory after-the-fact (not recommended) - A set of logically interrelated propositions is associated with a:
- Classical theory
- The power of theories lies in their ability to:
- Explicate the nature of the relationships that exist among phenomena
- The overall purpose of a theory is to:
- Make scientific findings meaningful and generalizable
- The building blocks of theory are:
- Concepts
- The major similarity between theories and conceptual models is that both:
- Use concepts as their building blocks
- The Health Promotion Model would best be described as a:
- Middle-range theory
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Which of the following is not a central concept in conceptual models of nursing?
A) Person
B) Social support
C) Health
D) Environment - Social support
- The nurse-theorist Orem developed the:
- Model of Self-Care
- The nurse-theorist Roy developed the:
- Adaptation Model
- The nurse-theorist Mishel developed the:
- Uncertainty in Illness Model
- Lazarus and Folkman's Theory of Stress and Coping is an example of:
- A shared theory
- An ideational theory is a type of theory that might be used in a(n):
- Ethnography
- Classical theories offer an explanation not only of the relationship between variables but also of the nature of the relationship.
- True
- Descriptive theories can involve a thorough description or classification of a single phenomenon.
- True
- Deductive reasoning is the basic intellectual process used in developing a theory.
- False
- Theories can never be positively proved.
- True
- Failure of research to disconfirm a theory increases support for the theory.
- True
- Grounded theory is to descriptive theory as a schematic model is to a statistical model.
- False
- A conceptual framework may be defined as a well-formulated deductive system of abstract formal propositions.
- False
- Research projects that are not based on theory have little utility to the nursing profession.
- False
- Schematic models attempt to represent reality with a minimal use of words.
- True