Civil War
Terms
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- poll tax
- charge/tax given to African Americans in order for them to vote
- sectionalism
- belief in your area/region versus the country as a whole
- Compromise of 1850
- California became a free state; agreed to enforce a stronger Fugitive Slave Act; popular sovereignty: people decide about slavery in the new states
- Causes of Civil War
- slavery; Dred Scott Decision; Missouri Compromise; Compromise of 1850; South's secession; Kansas-Nebraska Act
- abolitionist
- wanted to end slavery
- Frederick Douglas
- former slave; abolitionist; wrote "North Star"
- John Wilkes Booth
- assassinated President Lincoln
- Stephen Douglass
- pro-slavery; held debates with Lincoln
- prejudice
- pre-judging a group; unreasonable opinion
- protective tariff
- tax on imported goods so people buy US goods
- John Brown
- organized slave revolt at Harper's ferry to get ammunition
- Ku Klux Klan
- secret society created by white southerns that used terror & violence to keep people from obtaining their civil rights
- Andrew Johnson
- became president after Lincoln; was a Southerner from Tenn.
- cotton gin
- invented by Eli Whitney; helped South; expanded slavery
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
- wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin
- states' rights
- south wanted states' rights; felt they could go against the federal government
- Reconstruction
- rebuilding of the country after the Civil War
- Northern economy
- industry/ manufactoring
- Fugitive Slave Act
- law that made it a crime to help escaped slaves; people now required to return slaves to slaveholders; Compromise 1850
- 15th amendment
- gave African American men the right to vote
- federalism
- power split between central gov. & state gov.; more power goes to central
- impeachment
- to bring formal charges against the president; Johnson is 1st president to be impeached
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Seneca Falls Conventnion; women's rights
- Robert E. Lee
- Southern general from Virginia; believed in sectionalism
- General Sherman
- "march to the sea"; destroyed cities in the South
- Fort Sumter
- South attacked the Union fort; war begins here
- Southern economy
- agriculture/ plantations
- Gettysburg Address
- key ideas were liberty, equality, and democratic ideas; purpose of war was to portect those ideas
- Ulysses S. Grant
- Northern general; later became 18th president
- Abraham Lincoln
- president during the Civil War
- Underground Railroad
- system set up in secrecy to help slaves escape
- 13th amendment
- abolished slavery
- black codes
- laws passed in the Southern states during Reconstruction that limited the freedom and rights of African Americans
- secession
- formally withdrawing from an organization; South Carolina was the first
- Missouri Compromise
- North against because the Senate would be unequal; compromise was Missouri=slave Maine=free and no slavery above 36'30 line
- 14th amendment
- gave full citizenship rights to all men born in US except American Indians
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- slavery decided by popular sovereignty-- led to Bleeding Kansas
- sharecropping
- way to keep African Americans enslaved
- Dred Scott Decision
- slave who went above 36'30 and tried to sue owner for freedom; Supreme Court ruled he wasn't free so still slave & declared 36'30 line unconstitutional
- Battle of Gettysburg
- turning point of the war
- slavery
- North against & South for; forcing people to work against their will
- border states
- Northern states that still had slavery but helped Union (KY, MO, MD, DE)
- debate
- argument with rules
- Jefferson Davis
- president of the Confederate (South)
- Emancipation Proclamation
- freed all slaves in the South