Anatomy/Physiology-Integumentary System
Terms
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- ectoderm
- outer developmental layer of skin
- ABCD
- examination of pigmented areas, test for cancerous pigments
- elastin
- yellow fibers, gives matrix its rubbery quality(stretchability)
- covering
- main function of IS
- striae
- stretch marks, due to extreme stretching of the skin which tears the dermis; also called white scars
- Albinism
- inherited condition reflecting an inability of melanocytes to synthesize melanin
- pallor
- blanching; paling of the skin
- squamous cell carcinoma
- cells of stratum spinosum develop lesions; metastasizes to the lymph nodes
- allopecia
- baldness
- root
- part of the hair that is embedded in the skin
- cyanosis
- bluish tint of Caucasians when hemoglobin is poorly oxgynated
- jaundice
- yellow cast to the skin
- stratum spinosum
-
"spiny" layer, contains prickle cells, tonofilaments, Lnagerhan's cells
Second deepest layer of the epidermal layer - benign
- not cancerous
- lines of cleavage
- tension lines
- vitiligo
- an abnormality of skin pigmentation characterized by a loss and uneven dispersal of melanin(Michael Jackson's disease)
- melanin
- provides the skin color of Blacks and Hispanics
- mesoderm
- middle developmental layer of skin
- stratum granulosum
- "granular" layer; contains keratohyalin(granules), Langerhan's cells
- shaft
- part of the hair that projects from the skin; determines the overall shape of hair
- dermis
- layer of the skin deep to the epidermis; composed of dense irregular connnective tissue
- malignant melanoma
- rare but deadly cancer of the pigment producing cells
- basal cell carcinoma
- cells of the lowest level of the epidermis invade the dermis and hypodermis; exposed area develop ulcers; show to metastisize(grow)
- first degree burn
-
partial thickness burn; affects only the epidermis
redness, pain, swelling, 2-3 - erythema
- redness,
- endoderm
- inner developmental layer of skin, subcutaneous tissue
- wrinkles
- appear when dermis elasticity declines from age or excessive sun exposure
- dermal papillae
- fingerprints, projection of the superioir surface that protrude into or indent the epidermis above
- burn
- tissue damage to the skin which denatures cell proteins and causes cell death in affected areas
- integumentary system
- includes those structures whose primary function is to cover and protect
- hirsutism
- excessive hairiness
- collagen
- white fibers, provide high tensile strngth(maximum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks)
- epidermis
- surface coat of the skin; superficial layer of the skin; composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue
- hematomas
- another name for bruises , blue or black marks,
- skin
- composed of the dermis and the epidermis
- melanocytes
- specialized epithelial cells which synthesize melanin, (dark pigment which iparts color to the skin and hair)
- carotene
- provides the skin color of Orientals
- malignant
- cancerous
- stratum basale
- "basal layer" deepest epidermal layer; contains Merkel's cells, and melanocytes
- prickle cells
- keratinocytes which contain minute spinelike projections connecting them to other cells of the layer
- stratum lucidum
- 2nd outermost layer of epidermis, "clear layer", does not always appear
- 2nd degree burn
- partial thickness burn; affects the epidermis and upper regions of the dermis
- flexure lines
- dermal modifications resulting when the dermis is secured to deeper structures by the hypodermis
- stratum germinativum
- "growing layer" consists of strautm basale and stratum spinosum which generate epidermal GROWTH AND RENEWAL
- 3rd degree burn
- full thickness burn; affects the epidermis and dermis
- keratin
- water-insoluble protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails that make those structures hard and water repellent
- stratum corneum
- "horny layer", accounts for 3/4 of the thickness of the epidermis; contains 20-30 rows of dead cell remnants filled with keratin fibers which are constantly being replaced through the process of mitosis
- Langerhan's cells
- macrophage-like cells which arise from the bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis; undergo the process of phagocytosis
- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- tissue that forms epidermis