Bio: Evolution
Terms
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- Adaptations
- Any trait that aids the chances of survival and reproduction of an organism. Traits that increase an organism's fitness
- comparative anatomy
- the study of the structure of different groups of descendants
- Jean-Baptiste Lamark
- First person to publish work about evolution. Believed that organisms changed over time, also first person to say that the earth was very old, thought that changes in the environment caused changes in organisms. Was a naturalist
- Examples of Physiological Adaptations
- Ink of octopus, plant stems growing towards the light, proteins in a spider's web, gila monster's venom, baleen in whale's mouth, efficiency of bird's lungs at high altitudes
- Charles Darwin
- Invented the theory of Natural Selection
- population
- breeding group
- comparative embryology
- the study of developing organisms
- Behavioral
- behaviors that help an animal survive. (can be learned or instinctive.)
- homologous parts
- modified structures among different groups of descendants
- Fitness
- The ability to reproduce
- Theory of Natural Selection
- 1-- In nature there is a tendency toward over production. 2-- Not all that are produced survive. 3-- Variation exists in any population. 4-- Variations are inherited. 5-- Those individuals with variations that are suitable for their environment will live longer and leave more offspring.6-- Overtime, the resulting population will be changed and become better adapted to its environment.
- Products of Evolution
- Variations are the raw material upon which natural selection acts.
- Physiological
- Helps to regulate functions in the body (often as a chemical basis) Example-- Camel humps store fat that releases water, kidneys (designed to absorb water)
- Examples of Behavioral Adaptations
- Honeybee's dance, migration of birds, squirrels storing nuts, birds building nests, bird's song.
- Examples of Structural Adaptations
- Hummingbird's long bill, angler fish's filament, giraffe's long neck, vampire bat's sharp teeth.
- Structural
- Adaptations that involve an animal's body. Examples-- the size or shape of teeth. The animals body covering or the way the animal moves.
- species
- group of organisms that can interbreed
- vestigial organs
- structures that have no function in a living organism..may have been used in ancestors
- fossil
- any trace of an organism that lived long ago
- embryo
- the early stages of developing plants and animals
- Reproductive
- Helps an organism reproduce. Example-- dandelions, internal fertilization
- comparative biochemistry
- studies of organisms on a biochemical level