Matthews - Overall Review
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- Leonardo Da Vinci
- ____________ was a highly talented printer, writer, inventor, architect, engineer, mathematician, musician, and philosopher.
- Yonglo
- The ming Emperor _____________ sponsored overseas voyages to extend China's influence.
- Congress of Vienna
- The goal of the _____________ was to create a plan to restore order and stability to Europe after the turmoil of the Napoleonic Wars.
- Catherine the Great
- _____________ seized power from her husband Czar Peter III.
- Maria Theresa
- Charles VI approved a document called the Pragmatic Sanction, which would allow his daughter, _____________ to take the empire at his death.
- Prussia
- As a result of the Seven Years' War, _____________ emerged as the strongest military power in Europe.
- Scientific Revolution
- During the _____________, scholars began to challenge traditional authorities, pose theories about the natural world, and develop procedures to test those ideas.
- ghetto
- Jews were often forced to live in a particular part of the city called a _________
- Bourgeoisie
- City-dwelling merchants, factory owners, and professionals were known as the _____________.
- Jacobin
- THe radical _____________ Club adopted policies supported by the lower middle class and the poor.
- William Harvey
- English physician _____________ explained the workings of the human heart.
- plantations
- Huge estates in the Americas called _____________ grew cash crops such as sugar and tobacco.
- Columbus
- When he reached the Caribbean islands, the Italian sailor _____________ believed he had reached the Asian islands known as the Indies.
- Westphalia
- The Treaty of _____________ ended the Thirty Years' War.
- Columbia Exchange
- The _____________ refers to the global transfer to plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas.
- indemnity
- Fance was required to pay a large _____________ to other countries to compensate them for damages.
- Protestant Reformation
- The __________was a reform movement in Europe in the 1500's what was a reaction to dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church.
- Taj Mahal
- The greatest example of Mughal architecture was the _____________, built in Agra
- encomienda
- In the _____________ system, Spanish colonists received land in the Americas and a number of Native American workers in exchange for teaching the workers about Christianity.
- Zen
- _____________ Buddhism, a form of Buddhism adopted by many Japanese feudal warriors, stressed discipline and meditation as ways to focus the mind and gain wisdom.
- Great Wall
- The Ming restored China's _____________ to improve defense against a renewed Mongol threat to the north.
- National Assembly
- The Third Estate proclaimed itself a legislature called the _____________.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- _____________ wrote, "Man is born free but everywhere is in chains.
- Italian
- Before the Age of Exploration, the flow of luxury goods to Europe from China and India was controlled by _____________ merchants.
- Declaration of Independence
- In July 4, 1776, the _____________ was adopted by the Continental Congress.
- Charles Borromeo
- _________, Archbishop of Milan from 1560 to 1584, took decisive action to implement reforms decreed by the Council of Trent.
- Sir Isaac Newton
- _____________ developed the law of universal gravitation.
- brilliant
- The Chinese word "Ming" means _____________.
- Mary Wollstonercraft
- In her 1792 book, "A Vindication of the Right of Women," _____________ argued that if men and women had equal education, they would be equal in society.
- calculus
- A new kind of mathematics called _____________ could be used to predict the effects of gravity.
- Balance of Trade
- Mercantilists believed a country should mine gold adn silver as well as establish a favorable _____________, or export more goods than it imported.
- Babur
- Zahir ud-Din, better known as _____________, or "the tiger," defeated the rulers of Delhi and established the Mughal Empire in India.
- Peace of Augsburg
- in 1555, the _____________ gave each German prince the right to decide whether his state would be Catholic or Protestant.
- geocentric
- THe _____________ theory held that earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, moon, and planets revolved around it.
- Suleyman I
- The Ottoman Empire reached its height of power and cultural achievement under the leadership of _____________.
- Kamakazi
- Storms known as the _____________, meaning "divine wind," saved Japan from Mongol invasion in the 1200's
- tea
- The main Chinese export to Europe during the Qing dynasty was _____________.
- annulled
- The pope would not allow King Henry VIII to ahve his marriage to Catherine of Aragon ___________, or declared invalid based on church laws.
- Utopia
- Sir Thomas Moore's book, _______, contains a vision of a perfect, but nonexistent, society based on reason.
- caravel
- A new type of ship that was light and fast and highly maneuverable was known as the _____________,
- The Prince
- Machiavelli's book, ___________, advised rulers to separate morals from politics.
- Washington
- General _____________ led the American troops in the War for Independence.
- Protestant
- the term ________ came to being when Lutheran princes in the German parliament issued a protest against the 1529 movement to suppress Lutherans in Germany.
- theocracy
- A government in which church and state are joined and whose officials are considered to be divinely inspired is called ____________.
- Guillotine
- The _____________ was used for most executions during the Reign of Terror.
- Taj Mahal
- The _____________, the greatest example of Mughal architecture, was built during the empire's cultural golden age.
- Edirne
- After conquering Constantinople, the Ottomans made it their capital city and renamed it _____________.
- Roman Catholic Clergy
- The First Estate was made up of _____________.
- Encyclopedia
- The purpose of the _____________ by Denis Diderot was to promote knowledge.
- Italian wars
- The ____________, a series of wars in which France and Spain vied for control of the Italian peninsula, helped spread the Italian Renaissance throughout Europe.
- Kabuki
- In the 1600's, a new type of drama emerged in Japan called _____________, in which actors sing and dance, pausing to interact with the audience.
- conquistador
- A Spanish military leader who fought against the native people of the Americas was called a(n) _____________
- Counter-Reformation
- The _____________ was the response to the spread of Protestantism by the Catholic Church.
- Jamestown
- The _____________ colony in Virginia was settled by people intending to make their fortunes by finding gold and silver,
- Renaissance
- The ______________ was a period of renewed interest and remarkable development in art, literature, science, and learning.
- Plain
- The swing voters in the National Convention, called the _____________, eventually switched their support to the Mountain.
- Middle Passage
- The _____________ refers to the spread of people of African decent throughout the Americas and Western Europe.
- joint-stock
- In a _____________ company, investors pool their money to fund large businesses and jointly take the risk of losing that money if the company fails.
- Coup d'etat
- Napoleon took control of French government in a(n) _____________, a forced transfer of power.
- Sans-Culottes
- The workers of the Third Estate were known as the _____________, meaning "without knee breeches."
- mercantilism
- The economic theory of _____________ held that a nation's strength depended on its wealth.
- hermit
- Korea was known as the _____________ Kingdom because of its isolation from the rest of the world.
- Divine Right
- Absolute rulers argued that they ruled by _____________, a concept that held that the monarchs received their power from God.
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- _____________ was the first scientist to create a complete model of the solar system combining physics, astronomy, and mathematics.
- secular
- A movement, person, or group that has a worldly rather than a spiritual focus might be called _______.
- John Locke
- _____________ argued that people had a right to overthrow a government that does not protect their natural rights.
- protestantism
- In response to the spread of _____________, the Church began a series of reforms known as the Counter-Reformation.
- Lorenzo de Midici
- _____ was a well-educated poet from a powerful family in Florence who supported the arts.
- James I
- King _____________ began the Stuart dynasty in England.
- Shogun
- The supreme military leader of Japan, called the _____________, ruled in the emperor's name.
- subsidies
- To encourage the export of manufactured goods governments provided _____________, or grants of money, to help business-people start new industries
- compass
- The _____________ played a key role in the Age of Exploration because it let sailors know at any time which direction was north.
- circumnavigate
- Although Ferdinand Magellan was killed in the Philippines, the remainder of his crew were the first to _____________, or sail completely around, the globe.
- Forbidden City
- The Ming emperor Yonglo moved China's capital to Beijing and built an imperial city within it that became known as the _____________.
- Africa
- Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to attempt to sail around the southern tip of _____________.
- Council of Trent
- The _________________, which met off and on until 1563, was convened by Pope Paul III to examine the criticisms made by Protestants about Catholic practices
- restoration
- Parliament voted to bring back the English monarchy, an event known as the _____________.
- Sea dogs
- _____________ were English ship captains supported by Queen Elizabeth I who attacked Spanish treasure ships coming from America.
- predestination
- The doctrine of _____________ holds that God knows who will be saved and therefore guides the lives of those destined for salvation.
- sultans
- Rulers of the Ottoman Empire were called _____________.
- Constitutional Monarchy
- In England, the _____________ limited the power of kings and queens, prevented them from becoming absolute monarchs.
- constitutional
- A monarchy limited by law is called a _____________ monarchy.
- British
- The _____________ established a colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.
- Henry the Navigator
- _____________ of Portugal established a court for navigators and others interested in exploration.
- Paris Sans-Culottes
- Of the three political factions that made up the National Convention, the _____________ were the most radical.
- Adam Smith
- In "The Wealth of the Nations," author _____________ argued that the economy would be stronger if the market forces of supply and demand were allowed to work freely.
- St. Helena
- napoleon was sent in exile to _____________, where he died six years later.
- Elizabeth I
- _____________, firmly established the Church of England and persecuted Catholics during her reign.
- tariff
- Placing a _____________ on imported goods makes those goods more expensive, which discourages people from buying them.
- indulgence
- In the early 1500's the Church taught that the pope could reduce a soul's time in purgatory through the purchase of a(n) _____________.
- Edict of Nantes
- In 1598, the compromise known as the _____________ gave certain rights to Huguenots as a way to restore peace in France.
- Charles I
- _____________ was the first European monarch to be formally tried and executed by a court of law.
- czar Alexander I
- _____________ was the Russian ruler when Napoleon invaded in June 1812.
- Common Sense
- Thomas Paine's pamphlet _____________ argued that the American colonies deserved to be an independent nation.
- Continental System 1806
- Napoleon's plan, called the _____________, restricted trade with Great Britain.
- Bushido
- _____________, which means "way of the warrior," was a strict code of ethics in feudal Japan.
- Spanish Succession
- The War of the _____________ was fought to prevent France and Spain from being ruled by members of the same family.
- Duke of Wellington
- During the Battle of Waterloo, British troops were led by _____________.
- Huguenots
- French Calvinist Protestants were called _____________.
- Martin Luther
- _____________ wrote theses in which he denied the power of indulgences to remit sin and criticized the power of the pope and the wealth of the Church.
- Asia Minor
- Anatolia id also known as _____________.
- capitalism
- _____________ is an economic system in which most economic activity is carried on by private individuals or organizations in order to seek profit.
- Common Wealth
- A republican government based on the common good of all the people is called a(n) _____________.
- Petition of Right
- In order to get money from Parliament, Charles I signed the _____________ in 1628, which placed limits on his power.
- Leonardo Da Vinci
- _________ painted The Last Supper and The Mona Lisa
- Babur
- _____________ founded the Mughal Empire in 1526.
- El Greco
- The Spanish painter _____________ was famous for his elongated human figures.
- Sikhs
- The Mughal leader Jahangir came into conflict with a religious group known as the _____________, whose religion blended elements of Islam and Hinduism.
- Puritans
- The _____________ wanted to purify the Church of England.
- enlightened despots
- Monarchs who ruled according to Enlightenment ideas became known as _____________.
- Czar
- Beginning with Ivan the Terrible, absolute monarchs in Russia were known as _____________.
- Philip II
- When Charles V abdicated in 1556, his son, _____________, took over the Netherlands, Spain, Sicily, and Spain's colonies in the Americas.
- Daimyo
- In feudal Japan, local _____________, powerful warlords who held large estates, gained control of their own territories and battled on another for power.
- Voltaire
- _____________ was a philosophe who was imprisoned twice and exiled from his country during his lifelong struggle for justice, religious toleration, and liberty.
- Christine de Pisan
- Italian-born writer ___________ championed equality and education for women.
- inquisition
- The church court of Rome , known as the _____________, tried people who were accused of being Protestant
- janissaries
- Elite soldiers who were loyal only to the sultan were called _____________.
- Shah
- The title for the Safavid Empire's ruler, meaning "king" was _____________.