Music 100 Test 2
Terms
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- 3 Phases of the Baroque Era
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Early (1600-1640)
Middle (1640-1690)
Late (1690-1750)
- Terraced Dynamics
- alteration between loud and soft
- Basso Continuo
- played by at least 2 instruments: a keyboard instrument like an organ or harps chord and a low melodic instrument like a cello or bassoon
- Characteristics of Baroque Music
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One Basic Mood
Continuous Rhythm
Melody gives impression of dynamic expression
Dynamics- tends to stay fairly constant for a stretch of time
Texture- Predominantly polyphonic
Basso Continuo - Characteristics of Classical Era Music
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Fluctuates in mood, may change gradually or suddenly
Rhythm- flexible, syncopation
Texture- homophonic
Melody- tuneful, easy to remember
Dynamics- widespread use of gradual dynamic change- crescendo and decrescendo
the end of the Basso Continuo - Concerto Grosso
- A small group of soloists is pitted against a larger group of players called the tutti (all)
- Fugue
- A polyphonic composition based on one main theme called a subject
- Countersubject
- the subject in one voice is constantly accompanied in another voice by a different melodic idea
- Stretto
- a subject is imitated before it is completed; one voice tries to catch the other
- Retrograde
- beginning with the last note of the subject and proceeding backward to the first
- Augmentation
- Original time values are lengthened
- Diminution
- with shortened time values
- Opera
- A drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment
- Aria
- A song for solo voices with orchestral accompaniment
- Recitative
- A vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech
- Ground Bass
- A musical idea in the bass is repeated over and over while the melodies above it change
- Sonata Form
- Refers to a single movement, consists of 3 main sections: the exposition, the development, and the recapitulation
- Themes and Variations
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Theme is repeated over and over and is changed each time
Each variation is unique and may differ in mood, from the theme - Minuet and Trio
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Often used as the third movement of classical symphonies, string quartets, and other works
Originated as a dance
ABA form: minuet (A) trio (B) minuet (A) - Rondo
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Features a tuneful main theme (A) which returns several times in alteration with other themes
- Symphony
- extended, ambitious composition typically lasting between 20-45 minutes, exploiting the expanding range of tone color and dynamics of the classical orchestra
- String Quartet
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written for 2 violins, a viola and a cello
(1) fast, (2) slow (3) minuet or scherazo (4) fast - Cantata
- Principle means of musical expression in the Lutheran service, and one which used chorales
- Solo Concerto
- A piece for a single soloist and an orchestra
- Oratorio
- A large-scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra; usually set to a narrative text
- Theme
- Melody that serves as the starting point for an extended piece of music