chapter 19: the new west _ social studies 8th grade midterm review
Terms
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- jerky
- dried meat
- Helen Hunt Jackson
- another reformer, published "a century in dishonor." 1881 - tells of broken treaties
- exoduster
- african americans who moved west
- genocide
- the deliberate and systomatic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group (mass killing of a certain group)
- uses of buffalo
- food, clothing, and shelter
- reform
- change for the better
- barbed wire
- farmers liked it because it kept animals in, but cowhands hate it because buffalo couldn't roam free and they often got stuck and died in it
- populists
- farmers demanded to raise farm prices, income tax, 8 hr work day, limits on immigration, and "free silver"
- sodbuster
- plains farmer
- tepee
- tents made by stretching buffalo skins on tall poles
- Susette La Fiesche
- a reformer who spoke out against the tradegy that was occuring. *daughter of omaha chief: wrote and lectured about destruction of native american life
- Chisholm Trail
- a trail that Jesse Chisholm becan hauling sheep on, and millions of cattle did afterwards
- travois
- sled pulled by dog or horse
- reservation
- limited area set aside for native americans
- Oklahoma Land Rush
- land was runing out, and 100,000 settlers came claim the available land
- inflation
- increased prices
- railroads changed the west because
- settlements sprang up all along it and people could travel farther, faster
- Leland Stanford
- president of Pacific Railroaf
- The end of the Cattle Kingdom
- cattle died from disease, lack of grass, heat, drought, and other problems
- Why was life hard for plains farmers?
- shelter, climate, prices lowering
- cattle drive
- drove the animals hundreds of miles north to railroad lines
- assimilation
- taken away from their culture, native americans had to go to white culture
- role of women
- prepared meals, gathered food, cared for the children, passed along traditions, crafts (baskets), taking care of tepees
- Central Pacific Railroad
- railroad that cut through the sierra nevada. *started in sacremento, california
- Chivington Massacre
- 1864 - John Chivington leads his soldiers against the native americans. the native americans surrender, but the troops attack anyway, killing 200 people.
- manifest destiny
- expanding, moving west
- subsidy
- financial aid/land grant from the government
- lode
- rich vein of gold/silver
- life of plain's indians
- hunted buffalo, main food = agriculture, different languages and cultures
- Union Pacific Railroad
- railroad that cut through the rocky mountains. *started in omaha, nebraska
- why move west?
- 1862 - Homestead Act = 160 acres of free land if you farm it for 5 years
- promises made to native americans
- protect hunting grounds. *was broken as people moved west
- sodbusters
- plains farmer
- vaqueros
- skilled riders who herded cattle on ranches in mexico, california, and the south west
- role of men
- hunted, protected the women children and elders, passed on skills and knowledge to boys, supervised spiritual life (religious ceremonies), military leadership, (war)
- Dawes Act
- 1887 - encouraged native americans to become farmers. *unsuccsessful
- when indian way of life ended
- they turned to religious ceremonies such as, "the ghost dance"
- mining encouraged growth in towns in west because
- ...because people wanted to get rich with the gold and silver
- exploitation
- to use a group a people for your own good
- indegenous
- tribes, natives, original
- Fort Laramie Treaty
- 1851 - government asks native americans for more land in return for $, domestic animals, agricultural tools, and other goods.
- cow towns were important because
- they attracted settlers, business, and religion
- comstock lode
- strike (hitting gold) by Henry Comstock and his parteners
- Battle of Little Bighorn
- 1876 - George A. Custer - war against native americans, native americans win!
- vigilante
- self appointed law enforcers
- transcontinental railroad
- stretches across a continent from coast to coast
- reasons to move west
- mining, land
- Chief joseph
- led 500 nez perce in fleeting to canada in order to not have to sign a "give land" treaty
- extermination/anhilation
- to wipe out
- problems in mining towns
- polution, forced native americans from land, cut down forests, races = treated unfairly, few ever got rich, fights
- corral
- enclosure
- cow towns
- cattle were held in great pens until they could be herded into railroad cars and shipped to markets in the east
- sitting bull
- lakota chief that led rebellions
- geronimo
- fierce apache warrior
- reservation
- land set aside by the government for native americans
- frontier
- the plains where people began to move to
- Ghost dance
- native american religious ceremonial ritual to remember the old way of life
- sod house
- houses of sod, sod = soil held together by grass roots