AP u.s. history exam
Terms
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- Bureau of Indian Affairs
- to manage Indian removal to western lands, Congress approved the creation of a new government agency
- Homestead Act
- Provided free land to settlers who were willing to live on it and cultivate it
- Wounded Knee
- In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived.
- Sodbusters
- name given to great plains farmers
- Helen Hunt Jackson
- A writer. Author of the 1881 book A Century of Dishonor. The book exposed the U.S. governments many broken promises to the Native Americans. For example the government wanted Native Americans to assimilate, i.e. give up their beliefs and ways of life, that way to become part of the white culture.
- Chief Joesph
- Chief of the Nez Perce
- Rocky Mountain School
- schools that focused on the natural beauties of the west through art and photography
- Assimilation
- the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
- battle of little big horn
- a major defeat for U.S. forces by Indians
- Frederick Jackson Turner
- American historian who emphasized the importance of the frontier in American history.
- George A. Custer
- u.s general commanded his army at battle of little big horn. he was killed
- range wars
- 1870s, farmers, sheepherders, and ranchers were all fighting for the same land. president hayes eventually sent troops to stop the bloodshed
- Ghost Dance
- Ritual that celebrated a hoped for day of reckoning when settlers would disappear, buffalo would return, and Natives would reunite with ancestors
- Chinese Exclusion Act
- Pased in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat. Caused chinese population in America to decrease.
- Crazy Horse
- a chief of the Sioux who resisted the invasion of the Black Hills and joined Sitting Bull in the defeat of General Custer at Little Bighorn (1849-1877)
- Sitting Bull
- a chief of the Sioux
- vigilantes
- Miners in boom towns have to take law into their own hands because there was lack of organized police force; grps of miners would hold trials swiftly & hang convicts
- Comstock Lode
- first discovered in 1858 by Henry Comstock, some of the most plentiful and valuable silver was found here, causing many Californians to migrate here, and settle Nevada.
- black hills
- mountain range, indians sent out because of gold rush
- Long drives
- A cattle drive in which Texas ranchers drove herds of cattle north to be sold in northern markets
- Dawes Severalty act
- a law that gave land to Indians who left reservations; it tried to speed up assimilation.
- plains indians
- More nomadic, followed buffalo, Sioux was most aggresive
- Chisholm trail
- a former cattle trail from San Antonio in Texas to Abilene in Kansas
- coolies
- indentured servants whose condition was close to slavery
- cattle kingdom
- the area on which ranches were built, streched from TX to Canada
- Geronimo
- an Apache leaderwho fled his reservation and led raids on the Arizona Mexico border for many years.
- Buffalo Bill
- United States showman famous for his Wild West Show (1846-1917)
- tongs
- secret Chinese societies and violent criminal organizations involved in the opium trade and prostitution
- Sand Creek Massacre
- Black Kettle and White Antelope's bands were massacred at in Colorado by Colnel John Chivington.
- Mangas colorados
- apache tribal chief; one of the most important Native American and Apache leaders of the 19th century due to his fighting achievements against White intruders from the United States.
- Boomtowns
- A town that grew in mining areas where there were rushes. These usually didn't last because the gold usually ran out, or there was no gold at all.