Study Guide Baroque Period
Terms
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- Italian Overture
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-Orchestral introduction
-ABA Form
-Symphony got it's roots from the Italian Overture - Fugue
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-Contralpuntal, polyphonic composition in which a theme or subject of strongly marked character pervays entire composition, appearing in 1 voice and then in another.
-Basic principal = imitation - Baroque
- Spectacular music, ornamentation & embellishment, drama.
- Dates of the Baroque
- 1600 - 1750
- Florentine Camerata
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-Group, artists that were humanists; Writers, artists & musicians
-Music was more emotional
-Development of monody (solo voice + accompaniment)
-Early development of opera - Monody
- Solo voice + accompaniment
- Opera
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-Large scale production, drama sung throughout, costumes, choreography, scenery, dancing, acting, pantomime, soloists, ensembles, chorus
-action - Figured Bass
-
Musical shorthand, 2 musicians needed
1)bass line; cello, bassoon
2)chord realizer; harpsichord, organ - Basso Continuo
- Performer playing figured /thorough bass
- Equal Temperament
- Tuning adjustment
- Terraced Dynamics
- Sudden shifts of loud to soft
- Castrato
- Operaton for young boys/men to preserve high voices
- Doctrine of the Affections
- Belief that words & music are closely related
- Ritornello
- Instrumental refrain returning again & again
- Henry Purcell
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-Musical composer that believed music was part of Englands tradition
-Wrote "Dido Aeneas" - lament (sad song) - Virgil's Aeneid
- Ancient Roman epic
- Ground Bass
- Short rhythmic figure repeated over & over in bass part
- Oratorio
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-Sacred only
-Soloists, chorus & orchestra
-No action
-Master of Oratorio = G.F. Handel (Messiah) - Cantata
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-Sacred or Secular
-Solists, chorus & orchestra
-No action
-Shorter then an Oratorio - 3 Stages of Bach's Life
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1)Leipzig
2)Weimar
3)Cothen - Well-Tempered Clavier
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-J.S. Bach's
48 preludes & fugues, 2 volumes
(Old Testament) - Salome Franck
- Bach's favorite librettist (writer of a libretto - text of work)
- Messiah
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-G.F. Handel's oratorio
-3 parts: 1)Easter 2)Christmas 3)Redemption - A Mighty Fortress is Our God
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-Written by Martin Luther
-Arranged by J.S. Bach - Aria
- Lyric solo in Opera (singer usually a Prima Donna)
- Recitative
-
Words follow natural refelection of music
1)Secco - dry Ex: Basso continuo
2)Accompagneto - full - Harpsichord
-
Stringed instrument plucked by quills
Akin to the keyboard - Clavichord
-
-Stringed instrument struck by a metal tangent
-Mellow tune
-Used in homes as well as orchestras - Concerto
- 2 dissimilar sounds + orchestra
- Concerto Grosso
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-Small ensemble concertino (short concerto or solo instruments) pitted against a larger group (full orchestra)
-Larger group aka Repieno or Tutti - Antonio Vivaldi
- Master of Concerto, violinist
- The Four Seasons
-
Solo concerto, violin & orchestra
Composed by Antonio Vivaldi - Suite
- Multi-movement composition with varied dance types
- Elisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre
- Baroque composer, child prodigy
-
Well-Tempered Clavier
List
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium -
Genre: Fugue
Composer: J.S. Bach
Performance Medium: Harpsichord -
Messiah
List
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium -
Genre: Oratorio
Composer: G.F. Handel
Performance Medium: Orchestra, chorus -
The Four Seasons (spring)
List
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium -
Genre: Concerto
Composer: Antonio Vivaldi
Performance Medium: Violin, orchestra -
A Mighty Fortress is Our God
List:
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium -
Genre: Sacred Cantata
Composer: J.S. Bach
Performance Medium: Orchestra, chorus -
Begli Occhi (Beautiful Eyes)
List:
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium -
Genre: Secular Cantata
Composer: Barbara Strozzi
Performance Medium: 2 voices + basso continuo