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Study Guide Baroque Period

Terms

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Italian Overture
-Orchestral introduction
-ABA Form
-Symphony got it's roots from the Italian Overture
Fugue
-Contralpuntal, polyphonic composition in which a theme or subject of strongly marked character pervays entire composition, appearing in 1 voice and then in another.
-Basic principal = imitation
Baroque
Spectacular music, ornamentation & embellishment, drama.
Dates of the Baroque
1600 - 1750
Florentine Camerata
-Group, artists that were humanists; Writers, artists & musicians
-Music was more emotional
-Development of monody (solo voice + accompaniment)
-Early development of opera
Monody
Solo voice + accompaniment
Opera
-Large scale production, drama sung throughout, costumes, choreography, scenery, dancing, acting, pantomime, soloists, ensembles, chorus
-action
Figured Bass
Musical shorthand, 2 musicians needed
1)bass line; cello, bassoon
2)chord realizer; harpsichord, organ
Basso Continuo
Performer playing figured /thorough bass
Equal Temperament
Tuning adjustment
Terraced Dynamics
Sudden shifts of loud to soft
Castrato
Operaton for young boys/men to preserve high voices
Doctrine of the Affections
Belief that words & music are closely related
Ritornello
Instrumental refrain returning again & again
Henry Purcell
-Musical composer that believed music was part of Englands tradition
-Wrote "Dido Aeneas" - lament (sad song)
Virgil's Aeneid
Ancient Roman epic
Ground Bass
Short rhythmic figure repeated over & over in bass part
Oratorio
-Sacred only
-Soloists, chorus & orchestra
-No action
-Master of Oratorio = G.F. Handel (Messiah)
Cantata
-Sacred or Secular
-Solists, chorus & orchestra
-No action
-Shorter then an Oratorio
3 Stages of Bach's Life
1)Leipzig
2)Weimar
3)Cothen
Well-Tempered Clavier
-J.S. Bach's
48 preludes & fugues, 2 volumes
(Old Testament)
Salome Franck
Bach's favorite librettist (writer of a libretto - text of work)
Messiah
-G.F. Handel's oratorio
-3 parts: 1)Easter 2)Christmas 3)Redemption
A Mighty Fortress is Our God
-Written by Martin Luther
-Arranged by J.S. Bach
Aria
Lyric solo in Opera (singer usually a Prima Donna)
Recitative
Words follow natural refelection of music
1)Secco - dry Ex: Basso continuo
2)Accompagneto - full
Harpsichord
Stringed instrument plucked by quills

Akin to the keyboard
Clavichord
-Stringed instrument struck by a metal tangent
-Mellow tune
-Used in homes as well as orchestras
Concerto
2 dissimilar sounds + orchestra
Concerto Grosso
-Small ensemble concertino (short concerto or solo instruments) pitted against a larger group (full orchestra)

-Larger group aka Repieno or Tutti
Antonio Vivaldi
Master of Concerto, violinist
The Four Seasons
Solo concerto, violin & orchestra
Composed by Antonio Vivaldi
Suite
Multi-movement composition with varied dance types
Elisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre
Baroque composer, child prodigy
Well-Tempered Clavier
List
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium
Genre: Fugue
Composer: J.S. Bach
Performance Medium: Harpsichord
Messiah
List
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium
Genre: Oratorio
Composer: G.F. Handel
Performance Medium: Orchestra, chorus
The Four Seasons (spring)
List
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium
Genre: Concerto
Composer: Antonio Vivaldi
Performance Medium: Violin, orchestra
A Mighty Fortress is Our God
List:
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium
Genre: Sacred Cantata
Composer: J.S. Bach
Performance Medium: Orchestra, chorus
Begli Occhi (Beautiful Eyes)
List:
Genre
Composer
Performance Medium
Genre: Secular Cantata
Composer: Barbara Strozzi
Performance Medium: 2 voices + basso continuo

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