Ch. 7 World History
Terms
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- commonwealth
- After the English Revolution, Cromwell abolished the monarchy ad the House of Lords and declared England a republic, or _______________
- Peter the Great
- One of the most prominent members of the Romanov dynasty under whose influence Russia became a great military power
- English Revolution
- civil war in England that involved a struggle between king and Parliament
- Independents
- Cromwell's army was made up chiefly of more extreme Puritan's known as ____________ who believed they were doing batle for God.
- divine right of kings
- kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God
- Charles I
- king who was executed by Cromwell
- King Philip II of Spain
- the greatest supporter of militant Catholicism in the second half of the 16th century
- Ivan IV
- the first ruler to take the title of czar
- Puritans
- Protestants in England inspired by Calvinist ideas
- Peace of Westphalia
- officially ended the Thirty Years' War and stated that all German states, including the Calvinist ones, could determine their own religion
- All major European powers except England
- What countries were involved in the Thirty Years' War?
- militant
- combatitive
- Cardinal Mazarin
- When Louis XIV came to the throne at the age of four, the chief minister, ________________took control of the government
- Roundheads
- supporters of the parliament in the English civil war
- sank during storms
- What happened to many of the Spanish ships during the invasion of England?
- General War Commissariat
- Agency set up by Frederick William to levy taxes for his army and oversee its growth.
- inflation
- rising prices
- Jean Baptiste Colbert
- controller-general of finances for Louis XIV who sought to increase the welath and power of France by following the ideas of mercantilism
- sabbats
- nightly gatherings where witches were thought to feast and dance in worship of the devil
- St. Petersburg
- After a long and hard-fought war with Sweden, Peter began construction of a new city on the Baltic sea that would become his window on the West.
- Stuarts
- line of rulers who followed the Tudors
- Exclusion Bill
- Introduced by Parliament to bar Charles II's brother James, who was Catholic, from the throne
- Bourbon
- the house of _________, was made up of nobles who ruled the southern French kingdom of Navarre
- absolutism
- a system in which a ruler holds total power
- armada
- fleet of warships
- Thirty Years' War
- called the last of the religious wars
- poor, single or widowed women over 50 years old
- people most often accused of witchcraft
- advisors told him the people of England would rise up against the queen
- Why did Philip II send out his fleet knowing he did not have enough ships or manpower?
- Rump Parliament
- What was left of the parliament after Cromwell purged everyone who had not supported him
- Elizabeth Tudor
- During her reign, England became the leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundations for a world empire
- Bill of Rights
- helped create a system of government based on the rule of law and a freely elected Parliament
- czar
- the Russian word for caesar
- Edict of Nantes
- recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France but also gave the Huguenots the right to worship
- Cavaliers
- supporters of the king in the English civil war
- Huguenots
- French Protestants influenced by John Calvin
- Act of Supremacy
- named Elizabeth as the only supreme governor of both church and state
- boyars
- Russian nobility
- witchcraft
- magic
- William the Silent
- Dutch leader who led the resistance against Philip of Spain
- William of Orange
- Dutch leader who was husband of James's daughter Mary
- Cardinal Richelieu
- Louis XIII's chief minister, who strengthened the power of the monarchy by taking away the political and military rights of the Huguenots
- miltary dictatorship
- After destroying both king and Parliament, Cromwell set up a _____________________.
- Charles II
- Cromwell ruled until his death and more that a year later, Parliament restored the monarchy by appointing _____________to the throne.
- dismissed Parliament
- To foil the Exlusion Bill, Charles __________________ and when he died, James II became king.
- Oliver Cromwell
- parliamentary forces proved victorious due larely to the New Model Army of _________________, a military genius
- Versaille
- Louis established his royal court at ______________
- James I
- King of Scotland who ascended to the throne of England after the death of his cousin Elizabeth I
- Frederick William the Great Elector
- laid the foundation for the state of Prussia
- England
- In 1588, Philip II of Spain tried to invade _____________ by sea with too few ships, too little manpower and inferior weapons
- personal household of the king, chief offices of the state, place where powerful subjects came to find favors and offices for themselves
- What purposes did the royal court at Versailles serve?
- Ivan the Terrible
- Nickname of Russia's first czar
- Toleration Acto of 1689
- granted Puritans, but not Catholics, the right of free public worship
- Henry of Navarre
- political leader of the Huguenots and member of the Bourbon dynasty who succeeded to the throne as Henry IV and then converted to Catholicism
- Glorious Revolution
- William and Mary raised an army and invaded England while James, his wife and infant son fled to France. With almost no bloodshed, England had undergone a _____________