MSC- Biogeochemical Cycles
Terms
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- How much has the human population increased since the Industrial Revolution?
- Went from 1 Billion to 6 billion
- What effect did humans have on the Nitrogen cycle?
- Doubled N2 fixed into the cycle, mainly because of fertilizer maufacture and use
- What effect did humans have on the Sulfur cycle?
- Doubled sulfur dioxide entering the atmosphere, mainly bc of fossil fuel use
- What effect did humans have on the Carbon cycle?
- CO2 has increased 36% bc of fossil fuel combustion
- What is the Nitrogen cycle stimulated by?
- fertilizer and sewage
- what does eutrophication (nitrogen cycle) cause?
- dead zones and toxic algae blooms in estuaries
- What is Nitrous oxide and what does it do?
- greenhouse gas, destroys stratospheric ozone
- Why is nitrate bad in groundwater?
- toxic in drinking water
-
Harmful algae blooms:
often called what
where have they increased
due to what -
Red tides
coastal areas
dinoflagellates -
Where does Brevetoxin come from?
what does it do to organisms? -
Gymnodinium Breve, Gulf of Mexico
Food poisoning, respiratory problems -
How does Ciguatoxin get spread?
which fish does it affect? -
attached to seaweed, consumed by reef fishes stored in their livers.
groupers, snappers, baracudas - What are the symptoms of Ciguatoxin?
- headache, nausea, low blood pressure, hot/cold reversal, convulsions, paralysis, death
- What does Saxitoxin cause?
- Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
- What species is Saxitoxin accumulated by?
- clams, oysters, mussels
- How does Saxitoxin hurt you?
- blocks nerve transmission, death by respiratory failure
- Is Saxitoxin destroyed by cooking?
- no
- What is Pfiesteria piscidia commonly referred to as?
- Cell from Hell
- Where has Pfiesteria piscidia killed many fish?
- Started off NC coast, off Atlantic coast and esp Chesapeake Bay
- What effects does Pfiesteria piscidia have on humans?
- Neurotoxic: sores, memory loss, respiratory distress, vertigo
- What animals does Tetrodotoxin occue in associaton with?
- reef fishes (puffers, sunfish, porcupine fish), blue ringed octopus, newts, frogs
- Who eats fish with TTX
- the crazy japanese
- What is Palytoxin associated with, and what is it probably synthesized by?
- Hawaiian coral, bacterium
- What did Natives used to do with Palytoxin?
- apply it to tips of spears before battle