FCAT SCIENCE Vocabulary
Terms
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- molecule
- the SMALLEST UNIT OF MATTER of a substance that retains all the physical and chemical properties of that substance.
- solar mass
- the quantity equal to the MASS of the SUN
- convection current
- heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the CIRCULATION of CURRENTS from one region to another.
- heat of vaporization
- the energy required to change a LIQUID to a GAS.
- centrifugal force
- the motion AWAYfrom center or axis
- nuclear fusion
- the process by which two lighter atomic nuclei COMBINE at extremely high temperatures to form a heavier nucleus and release vast amounts of energy
- half-life
- the amount of time required for HALF of an original sample of radioactive material to decay.
- spring tide
- tide that occurs when the sun, moon and earth are in a straight line. * strongest tides
- centripetal force
- the force on an object required to keep this object on a circular path, pulling TOWARD the center of the circle
- heat of fusion
- the energy required to change a SOLID to a LIQUID.
- DNA
- a nucleic acid that carries genetic material; located in the nucleus.
- convergent boundary
- area where two tectonic plates COLLIDE . * Forms mountains and trenches.
- work
- w=Fd
- covalent bond
- a bond that SHARE electrons.
- mutation
- the process by which a gene undergoes a CHANGE in DNA sequence or a structural change
- trough
- the bottom of a wave.
- 10%
- amount of ENERGY PASSED from a lower trophic level to a higher level.
- fault
- a rock FRACTURE along which movement or displacement of Earth's crust has taken place
- atomic number
- the NUMBER of PROTONS in an atom's nucleus.
- protein
- a biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of AMINO ACIDS.
- nuclear fission
- the process by which an atomic nucleus SPLITS producing additional neutrons and vast amounts of energy
- RNA
- a single-stranded nucleic acid consisting of a phosphate group and one of four nitrogenous bases that encodes information needed to synthesize proteins
- biome
- a community characterized by the interaction of living organisms and climatic factors. Ex: Tundra
- succession
- the progressive REPLACEMENT or GROWTH on a single site, of one type of community by another.
- speed
- s=d/t
- genotype
- the gene expression of an individual. Ex: TT, Tt, tt.
- phenotype
- the APPEARANCE or other observable characteristic of an organism . Ex: Red hair, blue eye, tall.
- aqueous
- a solution containing WATER
- independent
- the variable that is TESTED, also called the MANIPULATED variable.
- base
- pH above 7 , increases the OH- concentration of a solution; a proton acceptor
- pressure
- p=F/A
- acid
- pH below 7, increases the H+, taste sour.
- abiotic
- NON LIVING factors that affect living gorganisms. Ex: wind, temperature, rain.....
- thermal energy
- is the kinetic energy of the movement of atoms and molecules creating heat.
- compound
- a substance made up of at least TWO different elements.
- habitat
- a place in an ecosystem where an organism normally lives. Its HOME....
- activation energy
- the least amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
- neap
- tide that occurs when the sun, moon and earth are perpendicular. * weakest tides
- first law of thermodynamics
- energy can not be created or destroyed. * Conservation of Energy
- isotope
- the form of an element with the SAME number of PROTONS but a DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS.
- crest
- the top portion of a wave.
- Kelvin
- fundamental SI unit of TEMPERATURE where zero degrees -is equal to absolute zero
- astronomical unit
- the average distance from Earth to the Sun, approximately 150 million kilometers
- asexual
- type of reproduction that produces IDENTICLE offspring. Ex: budding,binary fission.(Mitosis)
- electromagnet
- a magnet consisting of a coil of wire that becomes strongly magnetized when current flows through the coil producing a magnetic field
- adaptation
- a behavior, or physiological CHANGE in response to changes in the environment
- mid-ocean ridge
- an area of DIVERGENCE that creates a MOUNTAIN RANGE in the middle of the ocean.
- mass number
- the TOTAL number of PROTONS and NEUTRONS in a nucleus
- rate of reaction
- the speed at which reactants are consumed and products are produced in a given reaction
- momentum
- p=mv
- amino acids
- building blocks of PROTEINS
- velocity
- the time rate at which a body changes its position vector; quantity whose magnitude is expressed in units of distance over time
- dependent
- the variable that is MEASURED , also called the RESPONDING variabe.
- natural selection
- "Survival of the Fittess", Charles Darwin.
- density
- d=m/v
- diffraction
- the BENDING of a wave around an obstruction
- stimulus
- a condition that produces a RESPONSE
- catalyst
- a substance that SPEEDS up or slows down the rate of reaction without being consumed or altered
- second law of thermodynamics
- a law that states all natural processes proceed in a preferred direction. * Entropy
- niche
- an organisms JOB/ OCCUPATION. Its place in the environment.