Science Test
Terms
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- Salinity
- a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
- What is needed for clouds to form?
- water vapor most condense on a solid surface, suspended materials. As water molecules collect on the nuclei, water droplets from. (note. dew point must be reached)
- Adiabatic Cooling
- the process by which the temperature of an air mass decreases as the air mass rises and expands
- Sumlimation
- the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas
- What are some meteorological variables?
- temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation type/ amount, wind chill, wind speed, wind direction
- What are some deep currents?
- Antartic bottom water, North atlantic deep water, Antartic intermediate water, and warm tropical surface water
- What is the salinity at the mid-latitudes?
- around 37.4
- What is the salinity at the poles?
- north- 30.4 south- 34.2
- Mid-latitude Cyclone
- an area of low pressure that is characterized by rotating wind that moves toward the rising air of the central low-pressure region; the motion is counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere
- What does P stand for and what kind of air is it?
- polar- cold
- Exothermic
- to put energy out- freezing- condensation
- What kind of conditions are associated with a cold front?
- cold, big storms
- Humidity
- is water vapor in the atmosphere which is controlled by rates of condensation and evaporation
- Relative Humidity
- the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation
- Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate
- the temperature of a parcel of air decreased by one degree celcius every rise in 100 meters
- What kind of water is the Antartic Bottom Water?
- dense, cold, salty, slow
- what are the steps in el nino?
- 1. the tradewinds weaken 2. north and south equatorial currents weaken 3. the countercurrent forms 4. brings warm water east 5. peru current slows down 6. upwelling ceases
- What does the word isobar mean?
- iso- equal bars- barometric pressure
- What happens in a cold front?
- there is a drop in pressure when the cold air mass is coming into the warm mass. The warm mass goes up because they don't mix, the quicker the change, the more powerful and quick. steep rise
- What kind of conditions are associated with a warm front?
- warm, humid, constant rain
- How does the salinity of ocean water change?
- If water evaporates or freezes, the salt remains making it more salty
- Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate
- the temperature of a parcel of air that has reached dew point, will decrease by .5 degrees celcius every rise in 100 meters
- Deep Current
- a streamlike movment of ocean water far below the surface
- What kind of water is the Warm Tropical Surface Water?
- slightly cooler, more salty
- What are some causes of weather?
- prevailing winds, coriolis effect, solar heating (uneven)
- Stationary Front
- a front of air masses that moves either very slowly or not at all
- Upwelling
- the movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface
- Station Model
- a pattern of meteorological symbols that represents the weather at a particular observing station and that is recorded on a weather map
- What does T stand for and what kind of air is it?
- tropical- warm
- What kind of water is the North Atlantic Deep Water?
- slightly cool, dense, less,salty
- Continental Margin
- the shallow sea floor that is located between the shoreline and the deep ocean bottom
- What does M stand for and what kind of air is it?
- maritime- moist
- Air Mass
- a large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture content are similar
- What does C stand for and what kind of air is it?
- continental- dry
- What is a front?
- it is when two air masses come together in between. The space between is the front.
- Endothermic
- to take in energy- melting- evaporation
- Occluded Front
- a front that forms when a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass and lifts the warm air mass off the ground and over another air mass
- Advective Cooling
- the process by which the temperature of an air mass decreases as the air mass moves over a cold surface
- Absolute Humidity
- the mass of water vapor per unit volume of air that contains the water vapor; usually expressed as grams of water vapor per cubic meter of air
- El Nino
- the warm-water phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation; a periodic occurence in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which the surface-water temperature becomes unusaully warm
- sling pschrometer
- the greater the temperature, the more water vapor
- Dew Point
- at constant pressure and water vapor content, the temperature at which the rate of condensation equals the rate of evaporation
- What is the continental margin composed of?
- three parts: shelf- gradual slope, slope- steep, rise- made of sediments and a raised wedge at the base of the continental slope
- What is the formula for the wet adiabatic lapse rate?
- - .5/100 m
- Warm Front
- the front edge of an advancing warm air mass that replaces colder air with warmer air
- What kind of water strength is a cold current?
- a weak current, eastern edges of ocean gyres
- Coriolis Effect
- the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to the Earth's rotation
- What does an isobar indicate?
- pressure there are points that show equal pressure in millibars mb
- Relative Humidity Formula
- amount of water vapor in the air/ amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation X 100
- What kind of water strength is a warm current?
- a strong current, western edge of ocean gyres
- What kind of water is the Antartic Intermediate Water?
- Warmest, very salty, flows north
- What happens in a warm front?
- precipitation is long and not intense warm air mass coming into cold air mass on a gradual rise.
- Gyre
- a huge circle of moving ocean water found above and below the equator
- What is the formula for the dry adiabatic lapse rate?
- - 1/100m
- What is the salinity at the equator?
- 34.8
- Surface Current
- a horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the ocean's surface