4 Ch. Bio Test
Terms
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- pheromones
- specific chemical messengers that affect behavior or development of other individuals of the same species
- intracellular digestion
- process where food is digested inside cells
- cephalization
- concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at front end of the body
- eyespot
- group of cells that can detect change in the amount of light in environment
- blastula
- hollow ball of cells
- hydrostatic skeleton
- consists of a layer of circular muscles and layer of longitudinal muscles that, together with water in gastrovascular cavity, allow cnidarians to move
- gastrovascular cavity
- digestive cavity with one opening
- closed circulatory system
- blood is contained in network of blood vessels (annelids)
- vertebrates
- animals that have a backbone
- gemmules
- groups of archaeotypes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules, can survive freezing temps, drought
- medusa
- has a motile, bell-shaped body with mouth on the bottom
- abdomen
- posterior part of an arthropods body
- ganglia
- groups of nerve cells that control the nervous system
- nephrida
- excretory organs that filter fluid in coeolm (annelids)
- pedipalps
- longer than chelicerae, modified to grab prey (spiders)
- scolex
- structure that contains suctions or hooks
- chitin
- carbouhydrate that makes up exoskeleton
- swimmerets
- flipperlike appendages used for swimming
- anus
- posterior opening of digestive tract
- anus
- opening through which waste leaves the digestive tract
- endoskeleton
- internal skeleton of an echinoderm
- pharynx
- muscular tube used to feed, it's extended out the mouth then pumps food into digestive cavity
- appendages
- structures such as legs and antennae that extend from the body
- flame cells
- specialized cells that remove excess water from the body (flatworms)
- cnidocytes
- stinging cells, located along the tentacles, used for defense, to capture prey
- pseudocoelom
- false coelom, cavity only partially line with tissue from mesoderm
- larva
- immature stage of an organism that looks different from the adult form
- mesoderm
- middle layer, gives rise to muscles and much of circulatory, reproductive, excretory organ systems
- incomplete metamorphisis
- immature forms of insects look a lot like the adult forms
- testes
- male reproductive organs (flatworms)
- nerve net
- loosley organized network of nerve cells that together allow cnidarians to detect stimuli such as the touch of a foreign object
- carapace
- part of the exoskelton that covers the cephalothorax
- tracheal tubes
- most terrestrial arthropods breathe through a network of branching ______ that extend throughout the body
- setae
- bristles attached to each segment (annelids)
- tube foot
- structure that operates like a suction cup, has a sucker on the end
- nematocyst
- poison-filled, stinging structure tat contains a tightly coiled dart
- madreporite
- sievelike structure, opening of water vascular system
- ectoderm
- outermost layer, gives rise to sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
- internal fertilization
- eggs are fertilized inside the sponge's body, sperm are released form one sponge and are carried by water currents until they enter the pores of another spnge
- spinnerets
- organs that contain silk glands
- bilateral symmetry
- a single imaginary plane can divde the body into two equal halves
- crop
- stores food (annelids)
- shell
- made by glands in mantle that secrete calcium carbonate
- society
- group of closely related animals in the same species that work together for the benefit of the whole group
- complete metamorphisis
- insects hatch into larvae that look nothing like adult forms, molt, change in to pupa, then adult
- gill
- organ specialized for exchange for gasses under water
- proglottids
- segments that make up worms body (flatworm)
- chelipeds
- first pair of crayfish's legs - bear large claws that are made to catch, pick up, crush, cut food
- water vascular system
- system of internal tubes, filled with fluid, carries out many essential body functions in echinoderms - respiration, circulation, movement
- clitellum
- band of thickened specialized segments - secretes a mucus ring into which eggs and sperm are released
- molting
- arthropods shed their entire exoskeleton and manufacture a larger one ot take its place
- mandible
- mouthpart adapted for biting and grinding food
- radial symmetry
- any number of imaginary planes can be drawn through the center, each dividing the body into equal halves
- choancytes
- specialized cells that use flagella to move a steady current of water through the sponge
- deuterostime
- animal whose anus if formed from the blastopore
- coelom
- fluid-filled body cavity lined with tissue from the mesoderm
- exoskeleton
- tough external covering, protects and supports body
- spicule
- spike shaped structure made of chalk-like calcium carbonate or glasslike silica
- chelicerae
- mouthpart, contains fangs, used to stab and paralyze prey (spiders)
- external fertilization
- takes place outside the females body, eggs and sperm are released into the water - fertilize
- book lungs
- others terrestrial arthropods use organs that have layers of respitory tissue stacked up like the pages of a book
- foot
- many forms, flat for crawling, spade-shaped for burrowing, tentacles for capturing prey
- siphon
- tubelike structure through which water enters and leaves the body
- invertebrates
- animals without a backbone
- visceral mass
- consits of mollusk's internal organs
- mantle
- thin layer of tissue that covers most of mollusk's body like a cloak
- malpighian tubules
- saclike organs that extract wastes from the blood and then add them to the feces or digestive wastes that move through the gut
- extracellular digestion
- food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive cavity or tract then absorbed into the body
- archaeotypes
- specialized cells that move around within the walls of the sponge
- endoderm
- inermost germ layer, develop into linings of digestive tract
- feedback inhibition
- product or result of a process stops or limits the process
- open circulatory system
- blood is pumped through vessels by a simple heart, leaves vessels, works its way through different sinuses
- protostome
- animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore
- gizzard
- grounds food into smaller peices (annelids)
- trochopore
- free-swimming larval stage (mollusks)
- radula
- flexible, tongue-shaped structure snails and slugs use to feed
- acoelmates
- without a coelom
- nymphs
- immature forms of insects
- hermaphrodite
- has both male and female reproductive organs
- cephalothorax
- region of crustacean formed by the fusion of the head with the thorax
- pupa
- stage in which an insect changes from a larva to an adult
- polyp
- cylindrical body with armlike tentacles, mouth points upward
- castes
- groups of individuals that carry out particular tasks within a society
- thorax
- lies behind the head, houses most of a crustacean's internal organs
- septa
- internal walls between each segment (annelids)