World History: Classical Greece (2000B.C.-200B.C.)
Terms
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Indo-Europeans who settled on Greek mainland (2000B.C.);main cityMycenae
was fortified w/ 20ft walls on a steep, rocky ledge. - What is Mycenaean?
- In 1200's B.C. Mycenaens fought a 10yr. war vs. Troy in Anatolia, located in NW Turkey in 1870's,
- What is the Trojan War?
- This group took over with collapse of Mycenae, spoke Greek dialect, ancestors were bronze age Greeks & lost art of writing during their rule
- What is Dorian?
- A blind storyteller during Dorian age of Greece who composed Epics - narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds (750-700B.C.)
- Who was Homer?
- Fictional, traditional stories about Greek Gods.
- What is a Myth?
- City-States or fundamental political unit of Ancient Times. A city & surrounding countryside w/ villages.
- What is a Polis?
- Narrative poem that has a Greek hero who does great deeds as a warrior
- What is an Epic?
- A fortified hilltop where Government was discussed
- What is an Acropolis?
- The form of government of the Noble landowning families, very rich w/ political power from cavalry service.
- What is an Aristocracy?
- Government ruled by a small group of powerful people
- What is an Oligarchy?
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Powerful individuals (nobles/ wealthy citizens)
who seized control of the government by appealing to common people for support. - What are Tyrants?
- Rule by people of Athens; citizens participated directly in political decision-making.
- What is Democracy?
- Peasants ( Messenians) forced to stay on land they worked & gave up 1/2 their harvest to government
- What is a Helot?
- A fearsome battle formation (16x16 soldiers armed with pikes 18ft spears)
- What is a Phalanx?
- Greek vs. Persian Empire began in Ionia on coast of Anatolia. In 546B.C. Persians conquered area but lost the battle of Marathon in 490 B.C. even w/ larger army
- What are Persian Wars?
- Citizens rule directly & not through representatives as in U.S.A.
- What is Direct Democracy?
- Values of harmony, order, balance & proportion were standard ideals of art.
- What is Classical Art?
- A serious Drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, and betrayal. Tragic hero had extraordinary abilities but some tragic flaw leading to his demise
- What is Tragedy?
- Slapstick situations with crude humor, makes fun of politics & respectful people
- What is Comedy?
- Athens Navy against Sparta's army. During seige of Athen's by Sparta a plague struck killing 1/3 of population and Pericles.
- What is the Peloponnesian War?
- Greek thinkers or "Lovers of Wisdom" believed that: the universe has order to its creation 2. You understand the universe through logic and reason.
- What are Philosophers?
- Behind that absolute, standards exist for truth & justice, forced people to think about values and actions
- Who was Socrates?
- Student of Socrates, wrote "The Republic" ; his vision of a perfectly governed society. Citizens were farmers, artisans, warriors & ruling class
- What is Plato?
- Father of history who accuratelt reported events of his day.
- What is Herotodus
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He questioned Nature of the World and human belief, thought , knowledge etc. Developed the precursor to Debating. Researched psychology, physics & biology
& basis for scientific method - Who was Aristotle?
- King of Persia, killed by his own generals
- Who was King Phillip II?
- North of Greece w/ rough basin & cold climate, live in mountain village
- What is Macedonis?
- Proclaimed himself KIng of all Egypt at age 20, taught by Aristotal . Crushed rebellion of Thebes and sold survivors into slavery.
- Wha was Alexander the Great
- Alexanders policies led to the blending of cultures of the lands conquered
- What is Hellenistic Culture.
- A bronze statue over 100 feet high which stood at the entrance of harbor.
- What is The Colossus of Rhodes?
- Types of architectural style adorning the tops of Greek columns
- Doric, Ionic & Corinthian