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Mental Abilities

Terms

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Factor Analysis
A statstical technique to identify the dimensions (specific abilities) needed to account for the intercorrelations among variables (scales)
Information Processing Correlates of "g"
1. Reaction time in elementary cognitive tasks 2. working memory capacity
Dizygotic Twins
Full siblings that happen to be born at the same time; they share 50% of genes in common just like normal siblings
Performance Scales
Digit symbol, picture completion, block design, picture arrangement, and object assembly
Picture Completion
Tests visual alertness and visual memory using pictures with missing parts
Comprehension Scale
Tests practical info and ability to evaluate past experience
Similarities Scale
Measures abstract thinking by asking how certain objects or concepts are similar
h2=0.00
all differences between people are due to differences in the environment
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
The most widely used intelligence test in botht he United States & the world; composed of verbal scales & performance scales. (assumes you have been raised in the culture of the test)
Monozygotic Twins
share 100% of genes in common, so differences between them must be due to the environment (highest correlation when reared together)
h2=0.70
70% of the differences between people are due to differences in genes
Binet's Assumptions
1. Intelligence is composed of many different types of abilities 2. intelligence increases with age acrros childhood and adolescence
Average mental ability
equal to 100 mental age = chronological age
Reliability
IQ scores are highly stable across time
Object Assembly
Tests ability to deal with part-whole relationships by assembling puzzle pieces to form an object.
Heritability (h2)
Value between 1 and 0 explaining why people differ from each other
Verbal Scales
Information, comprehension, arithmetic, similarities, vocabulary
Digit Symbol
Tests speed of learning new associations using a timed coding task
h2=0.50
50% of the differences between people are due to differences in genes
Above average mental ability
greater than 100 mental age > chronological age
Vocabulary Scale
Tests knowledge of common words
h2=1.00
all differences between people are due to differences in genes
Block Design
Tests ability to perceive and analyze visual patterns by reproducing a pictured designed with blocks
Arithmetic Scale
Verbal Problems testing arithmetic reasoning
Validity
IQ scores predict academic achievement
Fluid Intelligence
Ability to perceive relationships among stimulus patterns, draw inferences from them, and comprehend their implications
"g"
performance on cognitive tests are always positively correlated--suggests that all mental tests are influenced by "g"
Picture Arrangement
Tests understanding of visual-spatial relationships by arranging "comic strip" pictures to tell a story
Mental Age
Your performance compared to the average age that matches that performance.
Information Processing Correlates of "g"
1. Reaction time in elementary cognitive tasks 2. working memory capacity
Biology Correlates of "g"
1. Brain glucose metabolism 2. Speed of neural & Synaptic transmission 3. brain size
less than 100
mental age < chronological age
Crystallized Intelligence
Ability closely tied to knowledge represented in vocabulary, math, and social reasoning (ability to accumulate knowledge about things, such as building vocabulary over a lifetime)
Information Scale
questions tap a general range of info

Deck Info

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