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History Chapter 23-25

Terms

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Duke Ellington
pianist and composer
19th Amendment
women in all states could now vote(WOmen aalso ran for election to political offices)
Herbert Hoover
Wilson appointed him to head the Food Administration
zeppelin
blimp
Front
line of battle
dissent
opposition
Bolsheviks
a goup of communists (Led by Vladimir Lenin)
Sinclair Lewis
novelist
Clarence Darrow
defended many radicals and labor union members, spoke for Scopes
War Industries Boards
supervised the nation's industrial production
bootleggin
making and selling illegal alcohol
Nation Origins Act
reduced annual country quota from 3 to 2 %
Alfred E. Smith
governor of New York
Committee on Public Information
persuaded Americans that the war represented a battle for democracy and freedom
sabotage
secret action to damage the war effort
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
heir to the thron of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Allied Powers(ALLIES)
Great Britain, France and Russia
Battle of the Marne
British and France stoped the German from advancing at the Marne River(No one could win war easily or quickly)
Sussex
French passenger ship
Gavrilo Princip
Franz Ferdinand's assassin
Battle of Verdun
French counterattacked Germany (one of bloodiest and longest battle of war) Germans made small gains
stock exchange
an organized system for buying and selling shares in corporations
Harlem Renaissance
movement that instilled an interst in African culture and pride in being African American
Sussex Pledge
Germans didn't want Americans to enter war, so they offered to compensate Americans injured on Sussex and promised to warn neutral ships and passenger vessels be4 attacking
Volstead Act
provided means of enforcing the liquor ban
pacifists
people opposed to the use of violence
"doughboys"
American soldiers' nickname
flappers
daring women who wore lots of make-up and mini skirts and "bobbed hair"
Ernest Hemingway
American expatriate who was a novelist, too
espionage
spying
trenches
deep tunnels used for hiding
Hoovervilles
shantytowns (cuz Hoover failed to act)
Sherwood Anderson
American writer
Lusitania
British passenger liner that got attacked by German U-Boats (1,000 about people died- 128 of those were Americans)
balance of power
a system that prevents any one country from dominating the others
nativism
belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners
socialists
people who believed industries should be publicly owned
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Wilhelm the Second
German kaiser
ethnic groups
people who share a common launguage and traditions
National Labor Board
pressured businesses to grant some of the workers' pressing demands
Treat of Brest-Litovsk
Lenin took Russia out of war in Dec. March 1918, Lenin signed this. He surrended Poland, the Ukraine, and other territories to Germany
Japan
a rival of Germany in Asia (joined Allies in August)
autocracy
rule by 1 person with unlimited power
Bosnia
an Austrian province
defaulted
failed to meet loan payments
Jazz Age
Jazz era
relief
aid for the needy
kaiser
emperor
William Jennings Bryan
Democtatic candidate 4 president in 1896, 1900, and 1908
nationalism
a feeling of intense loyalty to one's country or group
Espionage Act
gave the government a new weapon to combat dissent(opposition) to the war
mobilization
gathering resources and preparing for war
convoys
teams
Battle of the Somme
British and French launched their own offensive in northern Francle-July. Casualties-a lot
evolution
the scientific theory that humans evolved over vast periods of time
armistice
an agreement to end the fighting
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
lent money to businesses
Liberty Bonds
war bonds
Triple Entente
Great Britain, France, and Russia
Bessie Smieth
singer
18th Amendment
establish Prohibition(total ban on liquor in U.S.)
Selective Service Act
established a miliary draft for the U.S.
expatriates
people who choose to live in another country
21st Amendment
Prohibition was repealed in 1933 with this
Great Migration
Between 300,000 and 500,000 African Americans from 1914-1920 left their homes and settle in Northern cities to find jobs
on margin
paid only a fraction of the stock price and borrowed the rest from brokers
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman(Turkish) Empire
John J. Pershing
led the American Expenditionary Force (AEF)
Baron vo Richthofen
German pilot
Harlem
African American section of NYC
Spirit of St. Louis
single-engine plane Lindbergh rode
Elden Betts
wrote home to his family during the Battle of Argonne Forest and he died 4 days later
Sabotage Act and Sedition Act
these laws made it a crime to say or print or even write anything negative about the government
Zimmerman telegram
British intercepted it (it was a secret telegram) (set off anti-German feeling)
Eddie Rickenbacker
American pilot
alliance system
the defense agreements among nations
Emergency Quota Act
established quota system(arrangemt placing a limit on # of immigrants from each country)
Food Administration
launched a campaign to encourage American farmers to produce more and to persuade the public to eat less
Louis Armstrong
trumpeter
Hollywood
become one of the country's leading businesses
U-Boats
German submarines
improvisation
new rhythms and melodies created during a performance
public works
projects like libraries, parks, and highways
Bonus Army
Congress gave each veteran of WW1 a $1,000 bonus
mass media
forms of communication
Langston Hughes
African American writer
F. Scott Fitzgerald
novelist. he and his wife, Zelda, joined expatriates in Europe
Babe Ruth
baseball outfielder
The Battle of the Argonne Forest
seven week battle
propaganda
info designed to influence opinion
rationing
limiting use of something
East St. Louis, Illinois
one of the worst battles between whites and African Americans. Whites burnt AA's houses and 40 African Americans died and 1000's lost their homes
AEF
the American troops in Europe
militarism
if one nation increased its military strength, its rivals felt threatened and built up their own military
Charles Lindbergh
first person to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean
Gertrude Stein
writer called the expatriates "the lost generation"
Al "Scarface" Capone
crime boss who sold illegal alcohol
Balkans
spark ignited- the war began!

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