100 Vocab
11/28
Terms
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- Isolationism
- the avoidance of involvement in world affairs
- Patronage
- the practice of granting favors to reward party loyalty
- Social Contract
- the idea that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will
- Propaganda
- ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause
- Consumer Sovereignty
- the concept that the consumer is the ruler of the market
- Constituent
- a person whom a member of Congress has been elected to represent.
- Rural
- of or relating to people who live in the country
- Nuclear Proliferation
- the spread of nuclear weapons to new nations
- Federalism
- a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
- Dynasty
- a family line of rulers who's rights to rule is passed on within the family
- Subversion
- a systematic attempt to overthrow a government by using persons working secretly from within
- Due Process of Law
- principle in the 5th Amendment stating that the government must follow proper constitutional procedures in trials and in other actions it takes against individuals.
- Diplomacy
- the art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations without arousing hostility.
- Sovereignty
- the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries
- Consumer Price Index
- statistic that measures overall changes in price or inflation over time
- Nationalism
- the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols
- Magna Carta
- a written code that limited the power of the English monarchy for the first time; also called the Great Charter
- Suffrage
- the right to vote
- Interest Group
- a group of people with common goals who organize to influence government
- Appeasement
- satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability
- Liquidity
- ability to convert an asset into cash quickly
- Caste System
- a set of rigid social catergories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society
- Depression
- a state of the economy with large number of unemployment, suppy shortages, and excess capacity in manufacturing plants
- Heresy
- thoughts and ideas that are contrary to the teachings of the Christian faith
- Secular
- a viewpoint void of religious thought or considerations
- Autonomous
- self-governing
- Divine Right of Kings
- the idea that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God
- Downsizing
- reducing a company in size by laying off workers and managers to become more efficent
- Minimum Wage
- the lowest legal wage that can be paid to most workers
- Segregation
- the seperation or isolation of a race, class, or group
- Disarmament
- a limit or reduction in armed forces or weapons
- Politics
- the effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government
- Hellenistic
- pertaining to Greek language and culture
- Incumbent
- elected official that is already in office
- Supply
- the amount of a product that would be offered for sale at all possible prices that could previal in the market
- Socialism
- a system in which society, usually in the from of the government, owns and controls the means of production
- Aristocracy
- an upper class whose weath is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another
- Lobbying
- direct contact made by an interest group representative in order to persuade government officials to support the policies their interest group favors
- Natural Rights
- the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property
- Crusades
- a series of military expeditions by Christian Europe to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims.
- Democracy
- a general description of a government in which the people rule.
- Multinational Corporation
- large corporation with overseas investments
- Bureaucracy
- government administrators
- Political Machine
- an organization linked to a political party the often controlled local government
- Civil Society
- A complex network of voluntary associations, economic groups, religious organizations, and many other kinds of groups that exist independently from the government.
- Money
- any substance that serves as a medium of exchange, a measure of value, and a store of value
- Political Party
- a group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy
- Naturalization
- the legal process by which a person is granted citizenship
- Standard of Living
- the quality of life based on the possession of necessities and luxuries that make life easier
- Tariff
- a tax on an imported product
- Ideology
- a set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society
- Jurisdiction
- the authority, power, or right of a court to interpret or apply the law on certain cases.
- Euro
- the basic currency shared by the countries of the European Union since 1999
- Reparation
- payment made to the victor by the vanquished to cover the costs of a war
- Trade-Off
- alternatives that must be given up when one is chosen over another
- Confederacy
- a loose union of independent states; name of government used by the southern states that seceded during the Civil War
- Dictator
- an absolute ruler
- Conquistador
- a Spanish conqueror of the Americas
- Gross Domestic Product
- the dollar amount of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a year
- Hieroglyphics
- a sophisticated system of writing based on pictures
- Middle Passage
- the middle portion of the triangular trade that brought African slaves to the Americas
- Government
- the institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces binding decisions on citizens.
- Dissident
- a person who speaks out against the regime in power
- Marginal Utility
- the extra usefulness gained from consuming one more unit of a product
- Elasticity
- a measure of responsiveness that tells us how a dependent variable such as quantity responds to an independent variable such as price
- Scarcity
- the condition that results from limited resources combined with unlimited wants
- Nomad
- people who move from place to place following animal migrations and vegetation cycles
- Republic
- a specific description of a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them
- Feudalism
- a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service
- Renaissance
- a period in European history of the rebirth of learning based on the knowledge of ancient Roman and Greek learning; mainly in art, philosophy, invention, exploration, and religious reform
- Urban
- of or located in the city
- Judicial Review
- the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national government unconstitutional
- Capitalism
- economic system in which private citizens own and use the factors of production in order to generate profits
- Concentration Camp
- a camp where prisoners of war, political prisoners, or members of minority groups are confined, typically under harsh conditions
- Totalitarian
- a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives to its citizens
- Deregulation
- relaxation of government regulation on industry
- Inflation
- a rise in the general level of prices
- Federal Reserve System
- privately owned, publicy controlled, central bank of the United States
- Terrorism
- the use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal by instilling fear and frightening governments into changing policies