MIS 311F Test 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
- Computer software designed to translate either images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text.
- Transaction Processing System
- Type of information system that collects, stores, modifies, and retrieves the transactions of an organization which are events that generate and modify data.
- Data-based DSS
- Emphasizes access to and manipulation of a time series of internal company data and, sometimes, external data.
- Strategic Management
- Top level executives and managers who set long range goals, make big picture decisions, and create "what if" scenarios.
- Rule Ambiguity
- Is a lack of clarity regarding duties, responsibilities, and/or authority.
- Envy
- Threats to self-esteem due to desired outcomes being allocated to another.
- Groupware
- Collaborative software designed to help people involved in a common task achieve goals. An example of such software is wikipedia.
- P-value
- The probability of getting a sample outcome as far from what we would expect to get if the null hypothesis is true.
- Explicit Knowledge
- Knowledge that has been or can be articulated, codified, and stored in certain media such as manuals or documents and can be readily transmitted to others.
- Cookie
- A small script injected into your PC to keep a record of where you go on a certain website.
- Stress
- The extreme physiological and emotional arousal a person experiences when confronted with a threatening situation
- Proportion
- A fraction or percentage that indicates the part of the population or sample having a particular trait of interest.
- Inference Engine
- A computer program that tries to derive answers from a knowledge base and is considered the "brain" that expert systems use to reason about the information in the knowledge base.
- Tactical Management
- Mid-level managers who work on implementing strategic goals and have give periodic reviews and progress reports of things like the budget.
- Relational DBMS
- Contains a search engine facility where related records are linked together in a table instead of the old free-form linked list system.
- Trojan Horse
- Inject a program into a system that opens a trap door and allows a hacker access and control over user's machine to do recon to get information
- Leadership
- An influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their shared purposes.
- Model-based DSS
- Uses data and parameters provided by users to assist decision makers in analyzing a situation; not necessarily data intensive. Emphasizes access to and manipulation of a statistical, financial, optimization, or simulation modes.
- Operational Management
- Front line managers who work on specific tasks and monitor the ongoing activities of performance including personnel, cost, sales, and production.
- Virus
- A piece of code/script/software that is written for a specific reason such as annoy, reconn, or attack.
- Knowledge
- Allows its owner to understand the implications of information using things like the organization culture, social networks, and problem solving models.
- Type 1 Error
- Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true. (Convicting an innocent man)
- Exception Report
- A form of programming in which only values that are outside predetermined limits, representing significant changes, are selected for printout at the output of a computer.
- Data
- Facts depicted as figures or statistics such as numbers and characters.
- Group Support Systems
- An electronic meeting system designed solely to improve the performance and collaboration of teams
- Expert System
- A computer program that contains the knowledge and analytical skills of one or more human experts, related to a specific subject.
- Organizational Memory
- The body of data, information, and knowledge relevant to an individual organization's existence that has two major repositories: the organization's archives and individual's memories.
- Staff
- Clerical personnel who collect, process, organize, and file relevant information for all levels of management.
- Human Capital
- Refers to the stock of productive skills and technical knowledge embodied in labor.
- Database Management System (DBMS)
- A complex set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database.
- Tacit Knowledge
- The knowledge people carry in their minds that is difficult to access because people are often not aware of how valuable it can be. Transfer of such knowledge generally requires extensive personal contact and trust.
- Data Mining
- The process of sorting through large amounts of data and picking out relevant information, often uses computer-based approaches due to the large volume of data collected in today's society.
- Knowledge Base
- A special kind of database for knowledge management that provides the means for the computerized collection, organization, and retrieval of knowledge.
- Threaded Knowledge
- An electronic discussion done via forums, newsgroups, etc where software aids the user in visually grouping messages together.
- Information-based DSS
- Provides specialized problem solving expertise stored as facts, rules, procedures, or in similar structures.
- Type 2 Error
- Accepting the null hypothesis when it is actually false. (Acquitting a guilty man)
- Emotional Labor
- A form of emotional regulation in which workers are expected to display certain emotions as part of their job, and to promote organizational goals.
- Information
- Data in context such as a historical time frame that includes: text, hypertext, graphics, images, audio, and video.
- Denial of Service Attack
- Creating false traffic by repeatedly sending emails that will overload and crash the system
- Jealousy
- Threats to self-esteem due to loss of a relationship.
- Role Conflict
- A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations.
- Decision Support Systems (DSS)
- An interactive computer based system used to aid in the decision making process using data and the decision maker's own insights.
- Rule Overload
- Occurs when people are assigned positions with excessive demands and can cause personal wear and tear along with performance deterioration.