Ancient Greece
Terms
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- Socrates
- Athenian stonemason and philosopher. Asked people on streets about their beliefs and studied the results
- Delian League
- Alliance of Athens with other Greek city-states
- Solon
- Athens leader. Introduced government, economics, and took away debt slavery
- Phalanx
- War tactic of heavily armed soldiers
- Dorian Invasions
- Conquered Laconia and built Sparta
- Tyranny
- People who hold power by force
- Democracy
- Government by the people
- Herodotus
- "Father of History." Vistited lands adn wrote a book called The Persian Wars
- Polis
- City-state
- Persian Wars
- Greeks defeated Persians. 499 BC.
- Thucydides
- Wrote about Peloponnesian Wars and lived through it
- Sparta
- Brutal military system. Built by Dorian Invaders.
- Aristocracy
- Hereditary land holding elite
- Alexander the Great
- Ancient Greek king,He was one of the most successful military commanders in history
- Homer
- Blind poet who wrote the Illiad and the Odyssey
- Mycenaeans
- 1400-1200. Conquered peninsula and islands. Started city states and played a role in the Trojan War.
- Cleisthenes
- 507 BC. Broadened the roles of citizenship, the council, and made legislature.
- Athens
- Located in Atttica.
- Oligarchy
- Power of government in the ahnds of small, wealthy elites
- Acropolis
- A city with marble temples in honor of gods and goddesses, on top of a hill
- Minoans
- 200-1400 BCE. Crete was the capital and traded wioth Eqypt and Mesopatamia.
- Ephors
- Ran day-to-day affairs in council
- Hoplite
- A heavy infantryman, the central focus of warfare in Ancient Greece.
- Archon
- Chief official. Was an appointed job.
- Monarchy
- Government where power is hereditary and passed down
- Plato
- Socrates' student. Taught the importance of reason
- Pisistratus
- Athenian tyrant. Held power in 546 BC and helped farmers
- Hellenistic Age
- the period between the death of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) in 323 BC and the annexation of the Greek peninsula and islands by Rome in 146 BC
- Helots
- The Helots were the peoples who inhabited the lands of Messenia which neighbored Sparta.
- Aristotle
- Plato's student. Analyzed government: compared monarchy and democracy
- Hellenic Culture
- The Hellenistic period of Greek lasts from 323 BC to the annexation of the Greek peninsula and islands by Rome in 146 BC.
- Ostracism
- Process of voting to banish a figure who they saw as a threat to their democracy
- Peloponnesian Wars
- Conflict with Athens and Sparta
- Pericles
- Statemne leader of Athens