HWC204
Terms
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- LIBERAL EDUCATION
- "a philosophy of education that empowers individuals with broad knowledge and transferable skills, and a stronger sense of values, ethics, and civic engagement
- EGOISTIC HEDONISM
- the highest "good" for a person is their lasting happiness. pleasure of mind is better than pleasure of body.
- RELATIVISM
- anti-dogmatic position that asserts that the truth of a proposition depends on who interprets it because no moral or cultural consensus can or will be reached.
- ANALOGY OF THE DIVIDED LINE
- The longer part (segment CE) represents the visible world and the smaller (segment AC) represents the intelligible world. Next, imagine each part of the line divided in the same ratio as the first division. The divisions in the segment for the intelligible world represent higher (AB) and lower (BC) forms. The divisions in the segment for the visible world represent ordinary visible objects (CD) and other representations such as their shadows or reflections (DE).
- HOMERIAN SIMILE
- a literary device used by homer and virgil to compare two things that are completely opposite from each other
- ZENO
- the founder of stoicism: had 3 key ideas: materialism, monism, mutation; and had three branches of knowledge: logic, physics, and ethics
- ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY
- the first model of this government; very powerful and stable
- EPIC POEM
- a recorded history, a "creation story. Used to entertain groups of people, and also functions for social cohesion. Often told of the Hero.
- INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES
- Aristotle: five virtues as the five ways the soul arrives at truth by affirmation or denial
- RHETORIC
- developed by the sophists: The art of speaking or writing effectively: as a.) the study of principles and rules of composition formulated by critics of ancient times, and b.) the study of writing or speaking as a means of communication or persuasion.
- SOPHISTS
- group of teachers of philosophy and rhetoric.
- EPIC HERO
- a man (generally greek descent) who is of noble or divine heritage, has supernatural or divine help, is a great orater, posses super-human strength, always is mortal, attractive, and has only one major flaw. Has better things than everyone else.
- COVENANT
- an agreement between G-d and his people (or a person), means "Law"
- NATURAL SLAVES
- those with great physical skill but without mental
- HEBREWS
- the name given to the jews before the ten commandments were brought down by moses
- FESTIVAL OF DIONYSUS
- was a large religious festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central event of which was the performance of tragedies and, since 487 BCE, comedies. It was the second-most important festival after the Panathenaia
- GOLDEN MEAN
- the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency
- ATOMIST
- everything in the world is made up of tiny particles, even the soul. when one dies, these tiny things break up and reform into something else.
- FOUR CAUSES
- a way to find Telos. observe nature and find these causes. material, formal, efficient, and final
- SOCRATIC METHOD
- truth being persued not discovered
- TETRAGRAMMATION
- ebrew "four-letter word" or symbol meaning yod-ye-vau-he (YHWH) and signifying Yahweh. It is pronounced in Hebrew as "Adomai," and written generally as JHYH with variations of JHVH or YHVH. In English it became Jehovah.
- THEORY OF RECOLLECTION
- when one dies, their 'soul' (psyche) goes to the realm of forms. The soul sees perfect forms, then get another body and return to the material world.
- THEORY OF FORMS
- the perfect, ideal, eternal. Exist only in the material world. Humans attempt to re-create these but will never be successful
- ANALOGY OF THE CAVE
- analogy used to explain the existence of Forms
- TANAKH
- Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvah
- SOCRATIC IGNORANCE
- the idea of not knowing things or how to come about them
- HELLENISTIC
- an pseudonym for "greek" ; came after the spread of greek culture as Alexander the great conquered much of the Mediterranean and Asia
- PAX ROMANA
- was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced after 200 years of civil warfare.
- STOICISM
- gave a morality to human life but was also comparable with roman religion. founded by ZENO
- LEGAL SLAVES
- those who are prisioners of war, but are held by the government.
- APATHEIA
- control of ones emotions: accept responsibility for only what you can control. about inner tranquility.
- TALMUD
- compilation of commentary and analysis of scripture in the tanakh.
- GADFLY
- a horsefly
- POLIS
- a "city-state"- has a government and has citizens--contains the city and the countryside around it.
- EPICUREANISM
- developed by an Athenian. strove to eliminate the fear of death. no punishment, no afterlife. G-ds have no role in human affairs but do exist. complete opposite from greek and roman religions.
- HISTORICAL-CRITICAL METHOD
- cientific method of Bible study based on the assumption that there will be rational explanations for the text of scripture as we have it.
- BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY
- when Nebakannesar took over Judea. Book of Job written during this time period. 597-538 BC
- DIALECTIC
- modifying your position through dealing with opposing ideas--is an ongoing process
- MOSIAC LAW
- is the collective body of Jewish religious law, including biblical law and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions.
- AENEAS
- trojan warrior who fled Troy's walled city while battle ensued from within the city (Trojan Horse), hero of Aeneid
- PRE-SOCRATICS
- greek philosophers before Socrates and his works; ejected traditional mythological explanations for the phenomena they saw around them in favor of more rational explanations.
- VIRGIL
- Publius Vergilius Maro (70-19 BCE) roman writer who mimicked Homer's style in writing Aeneid. was commissioned by the emperor Augustine to write. Was a poet laureate under the emperor.
- TELOS
- something's final purpose or end goal--goal is proper, good, and leads to virtue (excellence)
- FOUR-DOCUMENT HYPOTHESIS
- four authors of the torah: J (uses Yhwh), E (changes YHWH to Elohim),D (uses the reformation as writing tool),P (preistly history). Determined by analysis of word choice, sentance structure, and content