page seven part three
Terms
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- Hammurabi
- Amorite ruler of Babylon (1792-1750 B.C.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pilar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases.
- Harappa
- Site of one of the great cities of the INdus Valley civilization of the third millenium B.C. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation (in modern Pakistan), and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials, such as metals and precious stones, from Afghanistan and Iran.
- Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)
- Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.
- Hanseatic League
- An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 12241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.
- Heroduts (485-425 B.C.)
- Heir to the technique of historia--"investigation"--developed by Greeks in the late Archaic period. He came from a Greek community in Anatolia and travelled extensively, collecting information in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. He traced the antecedents of and chronicled the Persian Wars between the Greek city states and the Persian Empire, thus originating the Western tradition of historical writing.
- Hellenistic Age
- Historian's term for the era, usually dated around 323-330 B.C., in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam in the seventh century A.D.
- hadith
- A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law.
- Hausa
- An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai empire, the Hausa city states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early nineteenth century.
- Han
- A term used to designate (1) the ethnic cdhinese peope who originated in the Yellow River Valley and spread throughout the regions of China suitable for agriculture and (2) The Dynasty of emperors who ruled from 202 B.C. to 220 A.D.
- Hebrew Bible
- A collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the Israelites. Most of the extant text was compiled by members of the priestly class in the fifth century B.C. and reflects the conerns and views of this group.
- Helsinki Accords (1975)
- Political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by the Soviet Union and western European countries.
- Hatshepsut
- Queen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.). She dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly northeast Sudan or Eretria), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as ruler, and after her death her name and image were frequently defaced.