psych
Terms
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- soma
- cell body of a neuron
- cognitive view
- change was you think, language & thought
- Central Nervous System
- network of nerves contained within the brain & spinal cord
- structuralism
- mind has structure, sensory- effects, images-wilhelm wundt-analysis of the structure or content of conscious mental states
- behavior neuroscience
- subfield that studies the links among the brain,nervous system, & behavior
- myelin sheath
- layer of fatty cells that is tightly wrapped around the axon to insulate it & speed the movement of electrical impulses
- Wernicke's area
- region in the left hemisphere of the brain that is involved in language
- operational definition
- concrete def of a research variable in terms of the procedures needed to control & measure it
- John Watson
- applied Pavlovs studies to phoebias, bunny & loud noise-fears are learned, american behaviorism
- agonists
- promote synaptic transmission
- pons
- portion of the brainstem that plays a role in sleep & arousal
- left hemisphere
- mathimatical & language ability
- corpus callosum
- handle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemisphere
- Decartes
- dualism, mind & body are seperate, voluntary & involuntary behavior
- sensory neurons
- neurons that send signals from the senses, skin,muscles,& internal organs to the CNS
- Tolmon
- cognitive revolution, cognitive map
- Endorphin
- endogenous,morphine->opiate,heroin,morphine-pain regulation,sleep
- endocrine system
- collection of ductless glands that regulate aspects of growth,reproduction,metabolism,& behavior
- control group
- condition of an experimental in which participants are not exposed to the interdependent variable
- Norepinephrine
- cius-arousal/learning,PNS-arousal.flight or fight, too much->anxiety
- independent variable
- any variable that the researcher manipulates in an experiment
- reuptake
- rapid removal of transmitter from the synaptic cleft by the turmol
- dependent variable
- variable that is being measured in an experiment
- cerebrum cortex
- frontal lobe,pariental lobe,occipital lobe
- parietal lobe
- lobe that associates info-relates info
- somatic nervous sytem
- branch of the peripheral nervous system that transits signals from the sensory organs to the CNS to the skeletal muscles
- BF Skinners Radial Behaviorism
- puzzled by trial & error, operant conditioning>training dog-shaping,molding,behavior
- L Dopa
- chemical substance that the neurons convert into Dopamine-replenishs the food supply
- Behavioral view
- change way you bahave
- Seratonin
- mood & depression,sleep & dreaming,satiety
- Broca's area
- region in the left hemisphere of the brain that directs the muscle movements in the production of speech
- critical thinking
- approach to info that involves challenging assumptions, observations, reliance on evidence & scrutiny of methods used
- psychosexual development
- erogenous zones>1.oral2anal3phallic4latency5genital
- cerebellum
- primitive brain stem structure that controls balance & coordinates comple vountary movements
- psychoanalysis
- freuds theory of personality & method of psychotheraphy both of which assume the importance of unconscious process
- experimental group
- any condition of an experiment in which participants are exposed to an independent variable
- absolute threshold
- smallest amount of stimulation that can be detected
- hormones
- chemical messengers secreted from endocrine glands into the bloodstream to various organs throughout the body
- hypothalamus
- regulates homostasis food->eat,hot->sweat
- John Locke
- nuture side, Tabula Rasa-blank slate ready to be carved on upon
- deactivation
- enzymatic breakdown,biological breakdown
- antagonists
- impede synaptic transmission
- experiment
- type of research in which the investigator varies some factors, keeps others constant & measures the effects on randomly assigned participants
- Sigmund Freud
- neurologist,id,ego&super ego,indiv, need to survive & have offspring
- transduction
- process by which physical energy is converted into sensory neutral impulses
- limbic system
- emotion,motivation,memory
- field research
- research that is conducted in real world locations
- physiology
- branch of biology that deals with living organisms
- acetycholine
- memory,muscle activity,smooth muscles
- social view
- behavior on social control, rules
- evolutionary psychology
- subfield that uses the principles of evolution to understand human social behavior
- medulla
- brainstem structure that controls vital involuntary functions
- Wundt & Titchner
- structuralism, thought is natural event,empirically-know world through senses, founded first lab for study of mind
- scatterplot
- graph in which paired (x,y) for many participants are plotted as single points to reveal the direction & strength of the correlation
- frontal lobe
- personality,reasoning,executive function-decisions
- id
- pleasure principle,basic,no pain
- theory
- organized set of principles that describes,predicts& explains some phenomenon
- sensation
- process by which sense organs recieve info from the environment
- correlation
- statistical measure of the extent to which two variables are associated
- super ego
- conscience, ego ideal-punishment,reward
- pituitory gland
- tiny gland in the brain that regulates growth & stimulates hormones in other endocrine glands
- laboratory research
- research conducted in an environment that can be regulated & in which partipants can be carefully observed
- psychology
- scientific study of behavior & the mind
- ego
- reality principle, balances out id & super ego
- psychophysics
- study of the relationship between physical stimulation & subjective sensations
- behavioral genetics
- subfield that examines the role of genetic factor on behavior
- peripheral nervous system
- network of nerves the radiate from the CNS to the rest of the body
- occipital lobe
- vision
- dualism
- body is physical structure, mind is a spiritual entity & that they both interact only through tiny structure in brain
- Darwin
- evolution,morphology of organisms,natural selection function, studied emotion
- neurons
- nerve cells that serve as building blocks of the nervous system
- Ebbinghaus-Chakin
- studied memory & forgetting-paired associates>letters on card, covered up one side
- self report
- method of observation that involves asking ppl to describe their own thoughts, feelings or behavior
- neutral rewarding circuitory
- nucleus accumbens, medial forebrain bundle,ventor tegmental area-> frontal cortex
- signal detection theory
- detecting a stimulus is jointly determined by the signal & the subjects response
- Dopamine
- reward->learning,pleasure,muscle activity,motivation & emotion
- central core
- medulla,reticular formation,pons,thalamus
- audition
- sense of hearing
- behaviorism
- school of thought that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior
- dendrites
- extensions from the cell body of a neuron that recieve incoming impulses
- Webers law
- principle that the just noticeable diffference of a stimulus is a constant proportion despite variations
- amygdala
- involved in emotional memory & agression
- Hobbes
- proposed humans seek pleasure & avoid pain<-hedonism, disagreed with decartes
- interneuron
- CNS that connect sensory inputs & motor outputs
- functionalism
- mental states one constituted by their causal relations to one another & to sensory inputs & behavior outputs
- Binet
- studied intelligence, made tests & how to measure intelligence
- applied research
- research that aims to solve practical human populations
- reticular formation
- group of nerve cells in the brainstem that helps to control sleep, arrousal and attention
- visual cortex
- located in the back of the brain,main info process center
- anandamide
- endogenous cannabinoid
- cross-cultural research
- body of studies designed to compare & contrast ppl of diff cultures
- William James
- philosopher & physiologist, function of habit & rehearsal,prof at Harvard, offered first course in psych
- Plato
- humans come into world with preordand ideas,doctrine of innate ideas, nature vs nurture
- Pavlov
- studied digestion, classical conditioning, food->saliva
- basic research
- "pure science" research that tests theories & builds a foundation of knowledge
- introspection
- trained observers report on moment to movement reactions to tones,displays,& other stimuli
- hippocampus
- remember no hippo on campus, short term memory into long term memory
- autonomic nervous system
- branch of the peripheral nervous system that connects the CNS to the internal muscles,organs,& glands
- pheromones
- chemicals secreted by animals that transmit signals
- action potential
- electrical impulse that surges along an axon caused by an influx of positive ions in the neuron
- E. Thorndike
- studied creavity & problem solving, worked with cats>put them in puzzle boxes, trial &error
- axon
- extension of the cell body of a neuron that sends impulses to other neurons
- Piaget
- intelligence in children,occurs in stages-naturally unfolds
- thalamus
- sensory rely station,channels action potentials from central organs
- GABA
- regulates 'personality' dishabited, arousal relax muscles
- neuroscience
- physiology of behavior, biology of behavior,nervous system
- right hemisphere
- involved in spacial ability,cognitive creativity & imagination
- Chomsky
- studied language,all children over the world start to speak at the same age
- fornix
- involved in fear
- hypothesis
- specific testable prediction often derived from a theory