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Terms
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- globalization
- The economic, political and cultural integration and interaction of all parts of the world brought about by increasing trade, travel, and technology.
- guild
- In medieval Europe, an association of men (rarely women), such as merchants, artisans, or professors, who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests. Guilds were also important in other societies, such as the Ottoman and Safavid Empires.
- "great tradtions"
- Historian's term for a literate, well institutionalized complex of religious and social beliefs and practices adhered to by diverse societies over a broad geographical area.
- global pop culture
- Popular cultural practices and institutions that have been adopted internationally, such as music, the INternet, television, food, and fashion.
- Gothic cathedrals
- Large churches originating in twelfth[century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall aults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained glass windows.
- Golden Horde
- Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu.
- Great Western Schism
- A division in the Latin (Western) Christian Church between 1378-1417, when rival claimants to the papacy existed in Rome and Avignon.
- Gold Coast (Africa)
- Region of the Atlantic coast of West African occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold eports to Europe from the 1470s onward.
- Great Zimbabwe
- City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state.
- Grand Canal
- The one thousand one hundred mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui period.
- Gorbachen, Mikhail (1931)
- Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of communist governments in eastern Europe.