APHG chpt 5 b
Terms
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- popular vote
- the tally of each individual's vote within a given geographic area
- state's rights
- rights and power believed to be in the authority of the state rather than the federal government
- imperialism
- the perptuation of a colonial empire after it is no longer politicaly soveriegn
- organic theory
- the veiw that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth, maturity, and old age
- reapportionment
- the process of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories
- state
- a politically organzed territory that is administered by soveriegn government and is recognized by the international community
- subsequent boundaries
- boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern
- centrifugal forces
- forces that tend to divide a country
- east/west divide
- geographic seperation between the largly democratic and free-marke countries of the Western Europe and the Americas from the communist and socialist countries of eastern europe and asia
- law of the sea
- law establishing states' rights and responcibilitirs concerning the ownership of the earth's natural seas and oceans and their rescources
- theocracy
- a state whose government is either believed to be divinly guided or a state under the control of a group of religious leaders
- antecedent boudary
- a boundary line established before an area is populated
- fragemented state
- a state that is not a contagious whole but rather seperated parts
- political geography
- the spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes
- geopolitics
- the study of the interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur
- european union
- international organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members
- lebensraum
- Hitler's expanionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the Germanic people
- north atlantic treaty organization (NATO)
- an international organization that has joined together for military purposes
- electoral vote
- the decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views of that elector's state
- exclave
- a bounded territory that is part of particular state but is seperated from it by the territory ofa different state
- territorial dispute
- any dispute over land ownership
- elongated state
- a state whose territory is long and narrow in shape
- centripetal forces
- forces that tend to unite or bind a country together
- domino theory
- the idea that political desablization in one coutry can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, starting a chain reaction of collapse
- confederation
- a form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose
- organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC)
- an international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil
- frontier
- an area where borders are shifting and weak where people of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land
- north american free trade agreement (NAFTA)
- agreement signed on january 1, 1994, that allows the opening of borders betwee the US, Mexico, and Canada.
- heartland theory
- hypothesis proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world
- rectangular state
- a state whose territory is rectangular in shape
- perforated state
- a state whose territory completely surrrounds that of another state
- electoral college
- a certian number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's popultation
- compact state
- a state that possesses a roughly circular, oval or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions
- geometric boundary
- political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines
- gerrymandering
- the design of voting districts so as to favor a particular political party or candidate
- international organization
- as alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with other without giving up either's autority or self determination
- microstate
- a state whos territory that is small in both population and area
- physical boundary
- political boundaries that correspond with prominent physical features such as mountail ranges or rivers
- United Nations
- a global supranational organization established at the end of WW2 to foster international security and cooperation
- rimland theory
- Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of eurasiawould provide the base for world conquest
- redistricting
- the drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes
- federalism
- a system of government in which power is distributed among certian goegraphical territories rather than concetrated within a central government
- north/south divide
- the economic division beween the wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Japan, and Australia and the generally poorer countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America
- nation-state
- a country whose population possesses a substantial degree cultural homogeneity and unity
- nationalism
- sense of national pride to such an extent of exalting one nation above all others
- territorial organization
- political oraganization that distributes political power in more easily government units of land
- prorupted state
- a state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory
- landlocked state
- a state that is completely surrounded by land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accesability to and from international trade routes
- self-determinism
- the right of a nation to govern itself autonomously
- nation
- tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes
- commonwealth of independent states
- confederacy of independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because o their common economic and administrative needs
- colonialism
- the expansion and perpetuation of an empire