freshman social studies
chapter 17
Terms
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- Edict of Nantes
- allowed Protestant worship to continue in areas where Protestants were a majority; barred Protestant worship in Paris and other Catholic strongholds
- Mary
- Edward's Catholic sister who became queen; Married Philip II; restored Catholicism and had about 300 Protestants burned at the stake
- Cardinal Richelieu
- Louis gained the throne and gave power to his man
- Peace of Westphalia
- ended the war; recognized Calvinism among the official religions and divided the Holy Roman Empire into more than 300 states
- Catherine II
- seized the throne from husband Peter III; ruled as Empress; absolute ruler
- Maria Theresa
- inherited the throne of Austria; clever and resourceful leader;
- James I
- founded the stuart dynasty and united Scotland and England under a common ruler
- Philip II
- Charles V left Spain, Netherlands, southern Italy and Spain's overseas empire
- divine right
- political idea that monarchs receive their power directly from God and are responsible to Go alone for their actions
- gentry
- lesser nobles, merchants, lawyers, and clergy
- dvoriante
- new class of nobles in Russia who in return for government service were allowed to own hereditary landed estates
- El Escorial
- granite palace built by Philip II
- Louis XIV
- the most powerful Bourbon monarch; he reigned for 72 years; known as the Sun King
- balance of power
- the system in which each nations helps to keep peace and order by maintaining power that is equal to, or in balance with rival nations
- Treaty of Utrecht
- England and the Dutch Netherlands recognized Philip V as king of Spain on the condition that France and Spain neveer be united under one crown
- Charles II
- the last of the Spanish Hapsburgs
- Edward VI
- Henry's son and successor; was only nine years old when he became king; he died after a short reign
- absolutism
- placed absolute or unlimited power in the monarch and his or her advisers
- Ferdinand of Styria
- king of Bohemia; Hapsburg heir to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire
- Frederick II
- Frederick William II son, king of Prussia; adopted his father's military ways and set out to expand his territories
- pragmatic sanction
- royal decree having the force of law by which Europe's rulers promised not to divide the Hapsburg lands and to accept the female succession to the Austrian throne
- Peter I
- known as Peter the Great; sought to bring Russia into the mainstream of European civilization
- yeomen
- famers with small landholdings and laborers
- Elizabeth I
- queen when she was 25; shrewd, highly educated; Englands great cultural period
- Henry VIII
- most powerful of all Tudor monarchs, married six times trying to have a male heir
- Marranos
- Jews who had convered to Christianity
- inflation
- an abnormal increase in currency resulting in sharp price rises
- Moriscos
- Muslims who had become Christians
- boyars
- nobles
- armada
- fleet of warships organized to carry out a mission
- Henry VII
- the first Tudor monarch after the War of the Roses