Sociology Test #3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- differential association
- the proportion of associations a person has with deviant versus nondeviant members of society
- crime
- an act labeled as such by authority, prohibited by law, and punishable by government
- endogamy
- marriage within one's own social category
- basic functions of corrections
- retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, social protection
- means of production
- tools, buildings, and materials needed to produce goods and services
- proletariat
- workers
- social protection
- limiting freedom of offenders so to prevent them form commiting more crime
- primary deviance
- nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority
- bourgeoisie
- owners
- organized crime
- criminals that band together to commit crime
- control theory
- sees deviance as a natural occurence and conformity as the result of social control. those with weak ties to community are less likely to commit deviant acts
- wealth
- made up of assets and income
- victimless crime
- crime that harms no one except the person commiting it
- deterrence
- corrections intended to discourage others
- power
- ability to control behavior of others
- class
- distribution of scarce resources and rewards is determined by achieved status
- deviance
- violation of significant social norms
- structural-strain theory
- views deviance as natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society.
- rehabilitation
- prisons as places to reform so to enter society as law abiding
- exogamy
- marriage outside of one's own social category
- stigma
- mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart form the rest of society
- prestige
- respect, honor, and recognition,
- retribution
- punishment as an act of revenge for society and victim
- caste
- scarce resources and rewards distributed on the bases of ascribed statuses
- white-collar crime
- crimes committed by high-status persons in the course of their professional lives (fraud)
- recidivism
- repeated criminal behavior
- violent crime
- crime which involves assault in a violent manner
- crime against property
- involves either stealing or intentionally damaging someone's property
- Labeling theory
- focuses on how individuals come to be labeled deviant
- social stratification
- ranking of individuals or categories of people based on equal access to scarce resources and social rewards
- secondary deviance
- results in the individual being labeled as deviant and accepting the label as true
- social functions o f deviance
- unifying the group, clarifying norms, diffusion tension, identifying problems, providing jobs
- social class
- grouping of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige
- conflict theory
- competition and inequality lead to deviance. people commit deviant acts to maintain power
- unifying the group
- deviance draws a line between conforming members of society and outsiders
- social inequality
- unequal sharing of social rewards and resources
- cultural-transmission theory
- views deviance as a learned behavior through interaction with others
- types of crime
- violent crime, crime against property, victimless crime, white-collar crime, organized crime
- stratification systems
- caste and class
- anomie
- the situation that arises when the norms of society are no longer applicable
- socioeconomic status
- rating that combines social factors with the economic factor of income