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Crimes Against People/Property and Commonly Used Defenses in Court

Terms

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The killing of another person.
Homicide
The unlawful killing of another human being with malice.
Murder
Unlawful killing that is both willful and premeditated.
First-Degree Murder
Killing someone while committing a felony.
Felony Murder
Killing that is done with malice but is not premeditated.
Second-Degree Murder
Intentional killing in which the offender had no prior intent to kill-such as killing in the heat of passion.
Voluntary Manslaughter
A killing in which there is no intent to kill at all.
Involuntary Manslaughter
A non-criminal homicide for which the killer is deemed faultless.
Justifiable Homicide
Causing death through criminally negligent behavior.
Negligent Homicide
The failure to exercise a reasonable amount of care in either doing or not doing something resulting in death or injury to another person.
Negligence
What is the most common form of negligent homicide?
Vehicular Homicide
Assistance that ends the life of a person in order to end suffering.
Euthanasia/Mercy Killing
When a person kills themselves with the aid of others.
Assisted Suicide
The only state in the union that currently allows assisted suicides.
Oregon
Any attempt or threat to carry out a physical attack upon another person.
Assault
Any unlawful physical contact inflicted by one person on another.
Battery
Assault with the intent to rob, to commit murder, or an assault with a deadly weapon.
Aggravated Assault or Battery
Intercourse between an adult and a minor.
Statutory Rape
The willful and malicious burning of a person's property.
Arson
Willful destruction or damage to the property of another.
Vandalism
Unlawful taking and carrying away of another person's property to permanently deprive the owner of it( the legal term for stealing.)
Larceny
Unlawful taking of property by someone to whom it was entrusted.
Embezzlement
Unlawful taking of property from a person's immediate possession by force or intimidation.
Robbery
Unauthorized entry(breaking and entering) with the intent to commit a felony.
Burglary
What is the legal name for blackmail?
Extortion
Committed if a person only intends to take a vehicle temporarily (joyriding.)
Unauthorized Use of a Vehicle
Occurs when a person uses force or intimidation to steal a car from a driver.
Carjacking
Evidence that the defendant was somewhere else at the time the crime was committed.
Alibi
A defense that occurs when a person uses force because they believed that they were in serious danger of injury or death.
Self-Defense
A defense that may be used when a person uses force to rescue a family member that was attacked and believed to be in danger of injury or death.
Defense of Family Members
A defense that may be use when one uses reasonable, non-deadly force to protect their property.
Propery Protection
Laws that give persons the right to use deadly force to defend their property if they suspect the intruder will use any force at all.
Make My Day Laws
Defendant admits committing a criminal act but claims that he or she was induced or persuaded to commit the crime by a law enforcement officer.
Entrapment
A defense used when the person who committed the crime claims that they did not know what they were doing at the time or do not know the difference between right and wrong.
Insanity
Unlawful pressure on a person to do something that he or she would not otherwise do .
Duress

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