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socials 11 government

Terms

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"Triple E"
Equal, Elected, Effective. Referring to Senates. Equal: same number of Senates in all provinces. Elected: no appointments by PM. Effective: Trying to give more jobs to the Senate.
5 parts of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1. Right to life, liberty, and security 2. Right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure 3. Right not to be subjected to cruel/unusual punishment 4. Right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned
Alternative measures program
Looking at alternative ways to deal with youths instead of jail
Amendment
Changes
Attorney General
Head prosecuter of the province (dictates policy with respect to judicial branch)
B.N.A Act
Canada's written Constitution. Sets out the powers of representatives, federal and provincial governments, and monarch. Laid out all rules by which our country is governed. 'Constitutional Act of 1867'
Balloting
People voting
Cabinet has both ____ and ____ power
legislative and executive
Cabinet Minister
Head of major/minor government departments (finance, defense, agriculture)
Campaigning
Advertising so people will vote for that party
Canada has the first-past-the-post system, which means that:
the winner of a riding may not have won the majoirity of the votes cast. He/she simply has to win more seats than any of the other candidates in the riding. *It can mean that Canada is governed by a party that most Canadians did not vote for.
Canada only gained independence from British rule in _____
1931
Caucus
Private meetings of elected representatives (all MPs) from each political party
Civil Law
Civil Law cases usually involve disputes over contracts, property, or personal relationships (between individuals or groups).
Closure
Done by the ruling government to stop filibuster
Committee of the Whole
Made up of the entire HOC - for general bills when a bill is being made into law
Common Law
Widely accepted rules; rules of precedent
Constition
Set of written laws
Constitutional monarchy
The recognition of a monarch as head of state
Councillor
Local member of council
Criminal Law
Matters that affect society as a whole (Regina v. Scumba) Committing a wrong against society, offense against criminal code. Government charges
Describe how government policy has changed over the last century with respect to the treatment of young offenders:
Youths used to recieve no special treatment; sentences were harsh. Now we try to help the youth and rehabilitate them.
Difference between indictable and summary offenses?
Indictable offenses are more serious than summary offenses and are handled by provincial supreme courts.
Direct democracy
Every eligible citizen participates directly by voting in all the decisions that affected society
Electoral Districts/Ridings
(Constituencies). A geographic area represented by MP, represents a certain amount of people
Enumeration
When compiling voters list; creating a list of people who are eligible to vote
Executive Branch
Puts the laws into action, Make laws official: Governor General, PM, Cabinet, Public Service
Federal elections occur at least every __ years
5
Filibuster
Protest trying to stall the debate
Getting elected is an expensive process. Political parties pay for their campaigns by getting donations from:
individuals and businesses
Governor General
Gives formal assent to a bill before it becomes law. Opens Parliament with Throne speech, which outlines what the government hopes to accomplish in the session of Parliament. Gives a short speech concluding the Parliament, declaring that it's over.
Hansard
Printed transcript of everything that is said in the HOC
Head of State
Queen, royal assent. Opens the speech and closes it
House of Commons
Elected representatives (MPs) who introduce, debate, and vote on bills. Representation by population
How does a person become a prime minister?
People vote for your party
How is a cabinet formed?
The PM chooses his cabinet. All provinces/regions are representatives
Importance of the rule of law:
1. Disputes settled by peaceful means 2. No one is above the law 3. King John of England 1215- Magna Carta: trial by jury and habeus corpus
Indictable offences
Most serious offences
Judicial Branch
Judges/interprets/applies/enforces the laws
Legislative Branch
Makes Laws, amend/change laws: HOC (House of Commons)
Lieutenant Governor
Governor assistant. Head of state for each province.
M.L.A
Member of legislative assembly
M.P.
Member of Parliament
Mace
Symbol of speakers authority, must be presented at HOC meeting for the meeting to happen
Main difference between common and statutory law?
Statutory laws are passed in Parliament but common laws are common sense laws that are based on precedence and individual judgements.
Majority government
More than half the seats of the government
Mayor
Head of local or municipal governmnt
Minister of State
Head of the minor government departments
Minority government
Less than half th eseats of the government
MPs are divided into ____ and ____.
Cabinet Ministers (head of major government departments) and backbenches (no cabinet position, very little power of influence)
Nomination
Becoming a party representative
Nonconfidence vote
If the government loses a vote in the HOC, a nonconfidence vote is held. If the government loses it must resign
Notwithstanding Clause
Constitution Act of 1892. Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Any province of Canadian government can get out of any constitutional law. If law breaks the constitutional law, then it can still be passed.
Official Opposition
Party with the secondmost seats
Party Solidarity
When everyone in public supports a candidate
Patronage
A form of reward for the Senate. Giving or granting political favors in return for political support. PM able to appoint Senators. Not very ethical.
Plaintiff
Party who initiates a civil lawsuit. Person who brings charges against the defendant
PM must take into account the following when choosing a cabinet:
1. All provinces or regions are represented 2. Ethnic/gender 3. Experience 4. Language
Political Parties are governed by the Elections Expenses ACt of 1974. Why is it important to have rules governing election spending?
So the candidate with more money to spend have the better advantage.. advertisement can divert attention away from the real issues
Powers of the federal government:
(most important) Defense, taxation, foreign policy, post office, banking, fisheries
Powers of the Municipal government:
City police/fire, property tax, sewers, roads, infrastructure
Powers of the Provincial government:
Education, Health Care (but Federal gives money for it too), Resources
Premier
Head of the party with the most seats
Prime Minister
Appoints Governor General
Private law
Law deals with legal rights between individuals
Pros and Cons of restoratative justice over prison:
Pros: Lessens amount of people in prison and helps victim and offener mentally. Cons: May not work for all offenders and some victims want to see punishment
Public Law
Law affecting the pulic between government organization
Representative democracy
Allows elected representatives to make decisions on their behalf
Residual powers
Any powers that are not specifically listed are held by the federal government or the crown. Leftover powers. New areas of decision making that did not yet exist or were not listed in 1867.
Restitution
Restoration, victim getting ompensation (usually from offender)
Restoratative Justice
Tries to repair the damage that has beend one. Victims, offenders, and other peopl ein the community work together to find ways for the offender to make amends directly to the victim.
Role of the Supreme Court of Canada
Can appeal criminal matters. (Have too much power because it may not be what the majority wants)
Rule of precedent
Judges reviewing past causes to help them rule on a specific case
Senate
Occupy the upper house, provides "sober 2nd thought" to a legislation. Appointed for life or at least until 75. Has regional representation
Senator
Provides 2nd opinion on legisative. Upper Seats
Sergeant at Arms
Carries in the mase. There to symbolically maintaint order
Shadow Cabinet
Follows the decisions made by Cabinet and critizes government's decisions
Speaker of the House
Acts as a referee during debate or question period. Chosen from elected members of Parliament.
Standing Committee
Made up of MPs from all parties. For department specific bills during the bill-to-law process.
Statue Law
Passed in Parliament, applies to all lvels of government equally (all provinces)
Statue of Westminster
Gave Canada full control over foreign affairs
Summary conviction offences
Cases that are less serious, minor offenes (littering, vandalism)
Suspended sentence
No jail sentence, although person is found guilty
Tabulation
Counting the vote
The 3 levels of government:
Federal, provincial, municipal
The Canada Act (1982) consists of:
Constitution Act 1867 (BNA Act) and the Constitution 1982 (Charter of Rgihts and freedoms, Amending Form, Notwithstanding clause)
This group proposes the most new bills:
Cabinet
Two kinds of pressure groups(groups of people who seek to influence the government):
1. Institutionalized (well-established and have formal organization, Lobbyists) 2. Issued-oriented (Are less permanent)
What are the two houses of Parliament (~308)?
House of Commons and the Senate
What feature makes the federal government unique from the provincial government?
The federal govt has 2 legislative houses.
What type of government does Canada have?
A constitutional monarchy. A federal system (has two levels of government). Head of State (Queen) and Head of Government (PM)
Whip
Responsible for getting people out to vote. Representatives of their party are the ones "whipped"
Who is our current prime minister?
Steven Harper
Why did the founders of Canada decide to create a Federal system of government?
No provinces wanted to give up their authority completely to a central government. They made a federal system to unite the provinces.

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