soc ch7
Terms
undefined, object
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- operationally defined
- -to define some concept of study in such a way that it can be observed and measured.
- recidivism
- -where an individual commits new criminal offences after having been sentenced for previous crimes
- rate of recidivism
-
* difficult to measure *
-a basic tool in evaluating the effectiveness of various corrections programs - logitudinal study
- -measures the relationships btwn variables over a period of time
- cross sectional investigation
-
-a study, survey, or measurement of a phenomenon or a popn taken at one point of time
ex. census survey -
monozygotic twins
(identical twins) -
-from a single egg that divides after fertilization for 2 embryos
-share same sex and same genetic material -
dizygotic twins
(fraternal twins) -
- 2 fertilized eggs
- no more genetic material than siblings, can be different sex - statistically significant
- -determining whether differences btwn groups is because of chance
- statistically significant difference
-
-unlikely that the differences could have occured by chance
ex. 0.05/100 - etiological factor
-
-a factor that encourages or causes a particular outcome
ex. drug addict leads to prostitution - social intervention program
- -activity by gov't, social agencies, and volunteers designed to change and improve the social situations of individuals, groups, and communities
- electrodermal response
- -electrical activity of the sweat glands of the skin
- tests of electrodermal activity
- -correlation btwn skin conductivity and tendency to delinquency, aggresiveness, and recidivism
- most biological factors
- -are only indirectly related to criminal behavior
- biological factors that directly affect criminal behavior
-
-are rare
ex. tumors, brain disease, and certain forms of epilepsy with brain damage - ppl with major mental disorders
- -greater risk to commit crimes, especially crimes of violence