Unit 5
Mr. Craig's Unit 5 test ID's
Terms
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- Charles Guiteau
- Disappointed job-seeker who assassinated James Garfield
- Depression of 1893
- caused by overexpansion, railroads went into bankruptcy
- Separate but Equal
- segregation was legal
- Plessy v Ferguson
- supreme court ruling that segregation is legal and didnt violate 14th amendment
- Social Darwinism
- society based on "survival of the fittest"
- Carrie Chapman Catt
- president of NAWSA, who led the campaign for woman suffrage during Wilson's administration
- Literacy Exclusion Act
- people were given literacy test in english to gain admitance into the county
- Booker T Washington
- founded the Tusegee Instituteand naacp-national association ofor the advacement of colored people
- Dumbbell Tenements
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a new form of housing that was developed in the early 1900's it was designed as a dumbbell and had more apartments for more families and shared restrooms
- Promontory Point
- Point in Utah where the Transcontinental Railroad was completed
- Little Bighorn
- a battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between United States cavalry under Custer and several groups of Native Americans (1876)
- New Federalism
- a policy in 1969, that turned over powers and responsibilities of some U.S. federal programs to state and local governments and reduced the role of national government in domestic affairs (states are closer to the people and problems)
- Barnum and Bailey
- Two performers that put on a Circus in the early 1900's
- Homestead Act
- Provided free land to settlers who were willing to live on it and cultivate it in 1862
- Susan B Anthony
- Key leader of woman suffrage movement
- Pacific Railroad Act
- "AN ACT to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes,"
- Bimetallism
- a monetary standard under which the basic unit of currency is defined by stated amounts of two metals (usually gold and silver) with values set at a predetermined ratio
- William Belknap
- a United States Army general, government administrator, and United States Secretary of War. He is the only Cabinet secretary ever to have been impeached by the United States House of Representatives.
- Mugwumps
- Republicans turned Democrats
- Louis Brandeis
- an American litigator, Supreme Court Justice, advocate of privacy, and developer of the Brandeis Brief. In addition, he helped lead the American Zionist
- Roscoe Conkling
- a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party.
- Interstate Commerce Commission
- a former independent federal agency that supervised and set rates for carriers that transported goods and people between states
- The Long Drive
- driving the herd
- Machine Politics
- an unofficial system of a political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy.
- Cornelius Vanderbilt
- United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877)
- Populists
- The popular name for members of the people's party, which existed from 1892 to 1912
- Dawes Severalty Act
- a law that gave land to Indians who left reservations; it tried to speed up assimilation
- 19th Amendment
- Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
- Levi Strauss
- Immigrant from Germany who produced the first denim pants in San Francisco during the California Gold Rush.
- James Garfield
- 20th president, Republican, assassinated by Charles Julius Guiteau after a few months in office due to lack of patronage
- Jim Fisk and Jay Gould
- Stock manipulators and brothers-in-law of President Grant, they made money selling gold.
- Vertical Integration
- Process in which a company buys out its suppliers
- Graft
- use of political influence for personal gain
- Gilded Age
- Appears to be great but beneath the surface lies corruption, crime, poverty, and disparities in wealth
- Jane Addams
- Social reformer who helped the poor
- The Jungle
- Muckraking book by Upton Sinclair that detailed the gross innards of the meatpacking industry
- Federal Reserve Act
- law meant to prevent bank collapse during financial panic
- Initiative
- allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it
- Boss Tweed
- Leader of the Democratic Tammany Hall, New York political machine
- William McKinley
- 25th U.S. President. 1897-1901 (Assassinated). Republican
- Wounded Knee
- The Massacre by U.S. soldiers of 300 unarmed Native Americans at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota, in 1809
- 17th Amendment
- established the direct election of senators
- Greenbacks
- Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war
- Half Breeds
- Blaine; republican party was split into two
- William Jennings Bryan
- 1896 Populist/Democratic presidential nominee
- Rutherford B. Hayes
- governor of ohio who ran for president as a republican in the election of 1876
- Muckraker
- a type of writer who motivated the public to attack political and social corruption
- James B Weaver
- general a presidential canidate for the Greenback Party in 1880
- Chinese Exclusion Act
- In 1882, it prevented entry of Chinese laborers to America
- Compromise of 1877
- the political deal that gave the presidency to Hayes and ended reconstruction
- Exodusters
- Slaves that moved from the deep south to Kansas
- Robert Lafollette
- was the governor of Wisconsin,Leader of the Progressives
- WCTU
- (Women's Christian Temperance Union) group organized in 1874 that worked to ban the sale of liquor in the U.S.
- Chester Arthur
- 21st president, Republican, taking office after assassination of Garfield, revitalized the US Navy and ironically lead the charge of civil service reform
- William H Taft
- 27th US president
- John D Rockefeller
- Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.
- Mongrel Tariff
- Tariff of 1883, a compromise measure that satisfied nobody. Duties were lowered on a few items, but increased on most manufactured goods.
- Progressivism
- the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society
- The Grange
- Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- leader in the abolitionist and women's rights movements
- Panic of 1873
- Financial downturn caused by overspeculation of western lands
- Ulysses S. Grant
- an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
- Frederick Jackson Turner
- United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history (1861-1951)
- Mulligan Letters
- a series of letters written by James G. Blaine to a Boston businessman, Warren Fisher Jr., that indicated Blaine had used his official power as Speaker of the House of Representatives to promote the fortunes of the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad.
- Jim Crow Laws
- racist laws against blacks in the south
- Jacob Riis
- a photo Journalist in the late 1800s whose book how the other half lives exposed the awful conditions of NYC's slums and poor people
- Stalwarts
- Republicans led by Roscoe Conkling who preferred the status quo
- Theodore Roosevelt
- 26th U.S. President. 1901-1909. Republican
- Ida B Wells
- leader in the battle against lynching
- Recall
- gave citizens a chance to remove an elected official from office before the person's term ended
- Central Pacific
- A railroad company from Sacramento, California.
- Ida Tarbell
- A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.
- JP Morgan
- Banker he bought out Carnegie's steel company and named it Bessemer Steel
- Fort Laramie
- Area in the Wyoming territory where a treaty was signed by United States and the Lakota nation, Yanktonai Sioux, Santee Sioux, and Arapaho in 1868 guaranteeing to the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. The Powder River Country was to be henceforth closed to all whites. The treaty ended Red Cloud's War.
- Soddies
- a house built of sod or adobe laid in horizontal courses
- Francis Willard
- Founder of the WCTU
- Gospel of Wealth
- The belief that the rich should give back to society.
- Credit Mobilier
- name of company involved in stealing of railroad money
- Florence Kelley
- reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers
- Referendum
- established a procedure by which voters cast ballots for or against proposed laws
- Whiskey Ring
- Treasury officials collaborate with distillers to get around excise tax
- Herbert Spencer
- English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)
- Seneca Falls Convention
- convention held in 1848 to argue for womens rights
- Charles Evans Hughes
- United States jurist who served on the Supreme Court (1862-1948)
- Horace Greeley
- United States journalist with political ambitions (1811-1872)
- James G. Blaine
- a U.S. Representative, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Maine, two-time United States Secretary of State, and champion of the Half-Breeds. He was a dominant Republican leader of the post Civil War period, obtaining the 1884 Republican nomination, but lost to Democrat Grover Cleveland.
- Morrill Act
- Granted lands to the states from the public domain to support new state colleges
- Hiram Johnson
- was a leading American progressive and later isolationist politician from California;
- Lincoln Steffens
- Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title Shame of the Cities.
- Comstock Lode
- gold and silver discovered by henry comstock
- Benjamin Harrison
- 23rd U.S. President. 1889-1893. Republican
- Union Pacific
- A railroad company from Nebraska.
- Transcontinental Railroad
- Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US
- Woodrow Wilson
- 28th U.S. President. 1913-1921. Democratic
- Andrew Carnegie
- United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919)
- Sherman Anti Trust Act
- this was a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trust that restrained free trade
- Upton Sinclair
- United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968)
- Pendleton Civil Service Act
- jobs based on cmpetence rather than spoils