Origins of Intelligence
Terms
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- Intelligence
- the capacity to understand the word, think rationally, use resources effectively when faced w/ challenges
- Practical Intelligence
- street smart, ability to read & adapt 2 everyday life
- Terman
- Revised Binet's test --- Stanford-Binet, Alpha Test 4 Lit, Beta Test 4 illit, proof that immig were intelectually inferior
- Prodigy
- normal child w. special skills in music, math, athletics, etc
- Herrnstein
- asserts social & econ standings tied 2 inheritable diff's
- IQ
- Mental age/chronological age * 100
- Savant
- mentally impaired child w/ special skills in music, math, athletics, etc.
- Dove
- tests must be culturally fair, ppl inf by where they live, content of ??'s, phrasing of texts, cultural bound "Chitling Test"
- Analytic Intelligence
- problem solving, intelligence depends on context
- Binet
- distinguished btwn unwilling & unable 2 learn, worked w/ Simon, norms by chronological age, all children follow same course of dev't, "mental age", env explanation 4 slowness, founded modern intelligence testing
- Factor analysis
- identify cluster of items that measure a common ability -- do well on 1 part of test so you'll do well on another
- Jensen
- wrote headstart fails b/c many participants have fixed low IQ's
- Thurstone
- 7 factors of intelligence
- Sternberg
- yale prof created triarchic theory of intelligence w/ 3 types: Analytic, creative, practical
- Shockley
- advocates sterilization 4 ppl w/ low IQ's, sperm bank 4 geniuses
- General Intelligence
- factor that underlies that specific factors
- creative intelligence
- different exp, use experience 2 foster insight
- Spearman
- factor analysis, general intelligence (g factor)
- Raven
- Culturally fair "Raven Progressive Matrices Test", ? SAT's value, high school grades predict college academic success
- Galton
- Intelligence is inherited, those not "well-endowed" shouldn't mate, "nature vs. Nurture", IQ based on reaction time, sensory acuity, muscular power, body proportions, mental abilities are quantitively measured
- Multiple intelligence theory
- Verbal linguistic, logical mathematical, musical rhythmic, visual spatial, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic
- Seven Factors of Intelligence
- Space (directions, relationship of forms), Number, Verbal Comprehensive, Verbal Fluency (definitions), memory (presidents,etc), Reasoning (ability 2 figure out gen rule based on data), perceptual
- Stern
- Uses Terman's test & derives IQ --- avg of 100, intelligence test score
- Wechsler
- created age based intelligence tests, Wechsler Preschool & primary scale of intelligence, wechsler intelligence scale 4 children 6-16, Weschler adult intelligence scal
- Gardner
- g factor does not underly intelligence, child prodigy/savant theory
- Murray & Herrnstein
- wrote "The Bell Curve", poor is a disadvantage, low mental ability is greater disadvantage, school nor healthy env can alter destiny