COPD
Terms
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- airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
- defining characteristic of COPD
- usually become symptomatic during ____ age
- middle
- inflammation is throughout what 3 areas of the lung
- airways, parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature
- if a patient presents with SOB, dyspnea and looks like COPD they are going to run which test?
- alphy1
- blisters on the outside of the lung called dead space
- bullae of emphyzema
- presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years
- chronic bronchitis--blue bloater
- when are exacerbation of bronchitis most likely to occur
- winter months
- an abnormal distention of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles with destruction of the alveoli
- emphysema
- right sided heart failure is also called what?
- cor pulmonale
- as the alveolar walls break down what is reduced?
- the pulmonary capillary bed
- when the pulm. capillary beds are reduced how does the body respond?
- it increases pulm blood flow, forcing the right vent. to maintain a highter blood pressure in the pulm. art.
- when a pt. has congestion, dependent edema, JVD or pain in the region of the liver what is suggested?
- cardiac failure
- in later stages of the disease, CO2 elimination is impaired, resulting in
- hypercapnea and causes RESP ACIDOSIS
- 2 main types of emphasyma are
- panlobular nad centrilobular
- hyperinflated chest or barrel chest, marked SOB weight loss
- s/s panlobular emp.
- polycythemia, right heart failure, central cyanosis, peripheral edema, and resp failure
- centrrilobular emp
- 2 main life threatening complications of COPD are
- respiratory insufficiency and respiratory failure
- obstruction is defined as an obstruction of __%
- 70
- type of med to relieve bronchospasam and reduce airway obstruction by allowing O2 distribution and improving alveolar vent.
- bronchodialators
- inhaled and systemic meds that improve symptoms but do not slow the decline of lung function
- corticosteroids
- when are mucolytics used?
- when they have components of COPD with heavy mucous
- when do COPD pts recieve antibiotics
- when they have exacerbations r/t infection
- 2 primary causes of exacerbations
- tracheobroncial infection and air pollution
- dyspnea, increaced sputum production and purulence, resp failure, mental changes, worsesning ABG's
- s/s of exacerbation of COPD
- first line of therapy for exacerbation of COPD includes..
- optimization of bronchodialators, then.IV steroids, solumedrol, maybe antiboitics
- activity pacing, inspiratory muscle training, nutrition, smoking cessasion
- nursing managment