6th grade Science Exam FRA
6th grade Science Exam FRA
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- Waves of energy that are released during an earthquake
- seismic waves
- 6 ways rocks and minerals are weathered
- water, wind, heat, plants, ice, gravity
- The point at which an earthquake begins is the
- epicenter
- Hardness of quartz
- 7
- How do plates move?
- Convection currents coming from the mantle moving the crust
- The way a mineral shines or does not shine is called what?
- luster
- What are changes to the earth called that alter the shape of the land?
- weathering, done by water and plant growth
- Haardness of calcite
- 3
- What is a result of global cooling from volcanoes?
- Beautiful sunsets
- MOst tsunamis are caused by ________________on the ocean floor
- earthquakes
- Has been continuously erupting for many years, shield cone, Hawaii
- Kilauea
- Two minerals that have a cleavage are:
- pyrite and halite
- How a mineral shatters unevenly
- fracture
- Sand
- sandstone
- Who came up with the theory of drifting continents?
- Alfred Wegener
- Rivers of ice, known as _____________, can dig up & carry away large amounts of rock.
- glaciers
- Violent eruption in 1980, composite cone, in Washington State
- Mt. St. Helens
- Crushed shells
- limestone
- A huge crack that runs through most of CA that separates the North American and Pacific plates
- San Andreas fault
- Name the rock that is formed: intrusive, cooled slowly, large crystals
- granite
- What is it called when one plate moves into another plate?
- convergent
- Mountain formed from colled lava, ashes, cinders and rock
- cone
- Hardness of talc
- 1
- They identify how old a fossil is by
- how deep it is and what layer of earth it is in
- Mud or clay
- shale
- What happens when too much debris & ash from a volcano get up into the atmosphere?
- Global cooling
- Earthquake waves are recorded by a
- seismograph
- Mt. St. Helens is what kind of volcano?
- composite cone
- Scients believe continents & ocean floor rest on huge blocks of rock. This theory is called what?
- plate tectonics
- The 10 plates are:
- NA plate, SA plate, Nazca plate, Cocos plate, Pacific plate, Australian plate, Eurasian plate, African plate, Arabian plate, Somalian plate, Antartic plate, Scotia plate
- Glass has a hardness of what number?
- 5
- This used to be granite
- gneiss
- Hardness of flourite
- 4
- How heavy or light a mineral is called it ________________?
- weight
- This used to be shale
- slate
- Your fingernail has a hardness of what number?
- 2.5
- Beneath the crust is the largest part of the earth. What is it called?
- The mantle
- Erupted in 1943 in cornfield, cinder cone, located in Mexico
- Paricutin
- What are lichens?
- plants that grow on rock
- Hot molten rock outside the earth
- lava
- Which kind of fossil consists of an insect that became stuck in tree resin?
- amber
- Which kind of fossil formed when minerals changed the hard parts of an organism into stone?
- petrification
- Name the 3 types of faults
- normal fault, reverse fault and strike-slip fault
- Three types of volcanic cones
- shield or lava cone, cinder cone, composite or strato cone
- Composite or strato cone is made of
- rock, ash, cinder and lava in layers
- What is it called when one plate slips past another?
- transform
- A horizontal igneous formation formed from colled magma
- sill
- What is is called when one plate moves away from another plate?
- divergent
- How is igneous rock formed?
- from intense heat
- Paricutin is what kind of volcano?
- cinder cone
- What are two other ways that some minerals may be identified?
- smell, taste
- Rocks move along a break called a
- fault
- Hot molten rock inside the earth
- magma
- Crumbled shells
- coquina
- Cinder cone is made of
- rock, ash, cinders
- Names the least deadliest earthquake waves?
- P waves
- What are the deadliest things an earthquake can cause?
- Tsunamis, avalanches, landslides, fires
- The opening of a volcano where lava comes out
- crater
- A verticle igneous formation formed from colled magma
- dike
- A large circular depression within a volcano's summit is called
- a caldera
- A solid, inorganic substance found naturally in the earth is called what?
- a mineral
- When a mass of magma pushes up the earth's surface and cools forming a dome
- laccolith
- What is it called when loose bits of rock, sand & soil are carried away?
- erosion
- An orderly arrangement of atoms is called a __________________?
- crystal
- Name the deadliest wave that comes from an earthquake?
- L waves
- What is the top layer of our earth?
- The crust
- What comes out of composite cone volcano?
- sometimes a sticky lava and sometimes lava, cinders, ash and debris
- What comes out of a shield cone volcano?
- a liquid lava
- Which kind of fossil consists of a hollowed space in the shape of an organism?
- Mold fossil
- Shield or lava cone is made of
- fluid lava
- What are two things that are produced whent he pieces of the earth's crust move?
- volcanoes and earthquakes
- The study of the earth's crust is called what?
- geology
- Small particles that settle to the bottom of water in layers is called?
- sediment
- A dull, black rock with small crystals
- basalt
- Are volcanoes formed by hot spots near each other or far away from each other?
- They are near each other
- Hardness of gypsum
- 2
- In order for crystals to form, there must be enough
- time and space
- Where did the astroid theory come from?
- A big crater was found in Mexico full of iridium, which is rare on earth, but common in asteroids. The debris from the asteroid went into the atmosphere and caused an ice age, killing plants and herbivores, causing death.
- A scientist that studies rocks and fossils
- paleontologist
- Vibration of Earth caused by sudden release of energy stored in the crust
- earthquake
- Where was "The Big One"
- San Francisco
- What comes out of a cinder cone volcano?
- cinders, ash and a sticky lava
- Igneous rocks are formed from what?
- magma and lava
- 5 potential disasters of volcanoes
- lava flow, tidal wave, mud slide, land slide, deadly gases
- Scientists believe the earth used to be one large continent, but over time broke apart into 7 continents. What do they call this process of breaking apart?
- continental drift
- Rocks & pebbles
- conglomerate
- The strength of an earthquake is called its
- magnitude
- What is a type of rock found in layers made from particles cemented together?
- sedimentary
- What are three types of luster we have studied?
- metalic, earthy, glassy
- Name the rock that is formed: extrusive, cooled quickly, small crystals
- basalt
- A penny had a hardness of what number?
- 3
- What are 2 types of cleavage we have studied?
- cubis and basal
- Name two types of igneous rocks?
- Intrusive & Extrusive
- The five types of fossils
- mold, cast, intact, imprint, petrified
- The main shock of an earthquake may be followed by an
- aftershock
- Erupted in prehistoric time, composite cone, described as "Volcano within a Volcano", Oregon
- Crater Lake
- A type of rock changed by heat and pressure?
- metamorphic
- How can engineers make houses stronger?
- Rubber pillars that can withstand extreme shaking
- Decayed plants and animals
- Coal
- Steel has a hardness of what number?
- 6
- What was the Richter Scale reading of "The Big One"
- 8.3
- When a volcano erupts violently, sometimes it forms what?
- a caldera
- Hardness of galena
- 2.5
- The word igneous means what?
- fire
- What is the lithosphere?
- layer of solid rock
- How many earthquakes have occurred in CA in the last 250 years?
- 11
- Identify halite by color
- colorless
- A type of rock made from hardened magma or lava is called what?
- igneous
- This used to be sandstone
- quartzite
- Color streak of flourite
- white
- What is it called when hot molten rock from inside the earth escapes and erupts?
- volcano
- Identify galena by color
- black silver
- The Richter scale measures the ___________________of an earthquake
- magnitude
- 4 factors that can affect how much damage an earthquake does
- population, time of day, kind of rock and soil in the area, kind of buildings in the area
- Name the 2nd deadliest earthquake waves?
- S waves
- 5 Effects of earthquakes
- avalanches, shaking, tsunamis, rescue work to remove trapped victims, fires
- The inner core of the earth may have temperatures reaching how high?
- 5500 degrees celsius
- This used to be limeston
- marble
- Name the rock that is formed: extrusive, cooled when lave had air and gas bubbles
- scoria and pumice
- How many earthquakes have occurred in the connected United States in the last 250 years?
- 26
- What are the two separate parts of the core?
- The outer core and the inner core
- Color streak of pyrite
- black
- Identify sulfur by color
- lime yellow
- Most destructive seismic waves are
- L waves
- What is the hardest mineral of all?
- diamond
- Which kind of fossil formed when minerals slowly moved into the space left when an organism decayed?
- cast fossil
- How easily a mineral can be scratched is called what?
- hardness
- A super continent that existed over 200 million years ago
- Pangaea
- color streak of galena
- black
- Kiluaea is what kind of volcano?
- shield cone
- If a rock cools slowly, what size are its crystals?
- big
- This type of igneous rock is formed outside the earth from lava
- Extrusive
- About how old is the earth
- 4.5 billion years old
- What cities did Mr. Vesuvius destroy?
- Pompeii and Herculaneum
- Where is the point directly above the focus?
- the epicenter
- Erupted 1991, composite cone, located in the "Ring of Fire" in the Phillipines
- Pinatubo
- When you go deeper in the earth, does the temperature rise or fall?
- rises
- A huge mass of magma that cools under the earth's surface to form rock
- batholith
- The underground point of origin of an earthquake where the rocks break and move
- focus
- Name the rock that is formed: extrusive, cooled very quickly, no crystals
- obsidian
- A solid, inorganic substance found naturally in the earth made of two or more minerals is called what?
- a rock
- What are 3 requirements of a mineral?
- solid, inorganic, found naturally from earth
- This type of igneous rock is formed inside the earth from magma
- Intrusive
- 3 good things we get from volcanoes?
- more rocks, fertile soil, more land
- Where does an earthquake begin?
- focus