Chapter 6 Vocabulary
chapter 6 vocab
Terms
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- Cementation
- sediment is glued together by water and minerals to form rock
- Mud cracks
- formed when muddy deposits dry and crack
- Ripple marks
- caused by the action of wind or water on sand
- Lava flow
- an extrusive flat mass of rock
- Dike
- similar to a sill yet formed vertically, like a mountain
- Graded bedding
- sediments of different sizes and shapes settle to different levels
- Laccolith
- intrusive rock formation, lake of rock
- Clastic sedimentary rock
- sedimentary rock that is formed from rock fragments that were carried away and deposited by water, wind and ice
- Vesicular texture
- igneous rock that has large holes in it like swiss cheese, made when gases become trapped as bubbles
- Sedimentary
- made by cementation
- Mafic
- family of rock that has a lot of iron and magnesium
- Concretions
- a lump of sediment that forms inside a sedimentary rock
- Lava plain
- an extrusive flat mass of rock that covers a large area
- Chemical stability
- ability of chemicals in rock stay the same rather than break down into something different
- Chemical sedimentary rock
- sedimentary rock that is formed from minerals that are left behind after the water/liquid evaporated
- Foliation
- metamorphic rock in which the minerals are arranged in planes or bands
- Coarse grained
- igneous rock made from large mineral grains
- Extrusive igneous rock
- formed when magma cools outside the earth's crust
- Sediment
- loose fragments of rock, minerals and organic material that results from natural processes
- Igneous
- made "from fire"
- Nonfoliated
- metamorpic rocks that do not have bands or aligned minerals
- Physical stability
- ability of the rock to stay together rather than break down at its areas of weakness
- Magma
- liquid rock inside the earth
- Tuff
- volcanic ash deposits
- Lava
- magma that has been exposed outside of the earth's crust
- Contact metamorphism
- magma comes in contact with a small area of existing rock, the heat changes the structure and chemical composition
- Intrusive igneous rock
- formed when magma cools deep inside the earth
- Organic sedimentary rock
- sedimentary rock that is formed from the remains of living things
- Stock
- same as a batholith but covers an area smaller than 100 sq. km
- Crystalline
- made of crystals
- Fine grained
- igneous rock made from small mineral grains
- Regional metamorphism
- magma comes in contact with existing rock over a large region or area
- Porphyritic texture
- igneous rock that has a mixture of large and small crystals
- Metamorphic
- made by change
- Fractional crystallization
- crystallization and removal of different minerals from cooling magma
- Metamorphism
- process where heat, pressure or chemical processes change one type of rock into another
- Felsic
- family of rock that has a lot of silica
- Volcanic neck
- the solid (rock) central vent portion of the volcano
- Compaction
- sediment is squeezed together to form rock
- Partial melting
- different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures
- Cross-beds
- sedimentary rock that is formed in slanted layers
- Stratification
- layering of sedimentary rock
- Batholith
- intrusive rock formations that cover over 100 square km
- Sill
- magma that flows between the rock layers and hardens, forms parallel to the rock layers around it
- Intermediate
- family of rock that has diorite and andesite