Physical Agents
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- physical agents can alter collagen extensibility by
- increaseing tissue temperature-extensibility of collagen, ROM, massage
- modification of inflammation and healing process effects
- reducing circulation, controllig motion, reduction pain, reducing enzyme activity rate, assist with moving to the proliferation phase.
- examples of thermal agents
- deep heat(diathermy), superfical heat(heat pack, parrifin, fluidotherapy), cooling(cold pack)
- physcial agents directly alter muscle tone via
- altering nerve conduction/sensitivity, altering biomechanical properties of muscles
- pain relief length of use
- continued as long as pain persists but should be stopped when pain subsides
- examples of mechanical agents
- traction, compression (elastic bandages, compression pump), water (whirlpool), sound (US)
- pain relief is
- pain is the body's normal protective response to prevent further injury, It can become a problem when it is chronic and begins to limit daily functional activites
- physical agents indirectly alter muscle tone via
- pain reduction , addressing the underlying problem causing the tone abnormality
- effects of assisting during the maturation phase
- by helping balance collagen synthesis and lysis, improving alignment of newly laid collagen network
- general precautions/contraindication to using physical agents
- pregnancy, malignancy, pacemaker(absolute), impaired sensation, and impaired mentation
- effects of assisting during proliferation phase
- by increasing circulation, increasing enzyme activity rate, promoting collagen depostion, assist with moving to the maturation phase
- what do electromagnetic agents do
- utilize energy for tissue healing, alter cellular dunctional membraine permeability and transport)
- Solving the underlying problem causing pain by
- modify tissue inflammantion, alter collagen extensibility , modigy muscle tone
- what do mechanical agents do
- increase/decrease pressure on the body or its parts, alter fluid flow by controlling motion
- collagen extensibility
- if not used for long periods of time (immobilization, limited ROM), collagenous tissue and its supported structures can become shortened
- examples of electromagnetic agents
- electormagnetic feilds (ultraviolet), electric currents(tens, estim), ionto
- modification of muscle tone
- increased tone around area of injury to splint and prevent further injury, prolonged "splinting" may prevent healing, decreased muscle tone can occur secondary to pain and limit function
- modification of muscle tone abnormalites
- increased ( spastic/rigid) or decreased flaccid muscle tone results form CNS damage, secondary to pain caused by another tissue injury
- what do thermal agents do
- heat or cool tissues, either superfical or deep, change circulatory rate and chemical reaction of tissues following injury
- physical agents can control pain by
- modifiying pain transmission, affects transmission at the SC level, change nerve conduction rate, alter release of neurotransmitters signaling pain
- collagen is the main support system for
- skin, tendons, bones and connective tissues