Science Chapter 10- Heat and Temperature
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Heat
- The transfer of energy between particles of two objects due to temperature difference between to objects. *Always takes place at a higher temperature to a lower temperature.*The greater the difference in temperatures of two objects, the more energy that will transfer heat. EX: Heat leaves your hand, things aren't cold.
- Celsius to Fahrenheit Equation
- °F=(9/5°C+32)
- Celsius to Kelvin
- K=°C+273
- Fahrenheit to Celsius Equation
- °C=5/9(°F-32)
- Thermal Energy
- Heat energy.
- Insulators
- Materials that are poor conductors that do not allow heat energy to transfer easily. Solids like wood, rubber, liquids, and gases are good insulators.
- Convection
- The transfer of heat energy by the movement of fluids- as a liquid or gas. Convection currents are created. EX: Roasting marshmallows.
- Cooling Systems
- It takes the energy out of something to cool it down. This often uses evaporation to transfer energy. It uses substances called refrigerants, which will transfer large amounts of energy during change in state.
- Kelvin
- Scale of temperature based off of the absolute zero. 0 of this is absolute zero. There are no negative temperatures in this scale.
- Celsius
- Common scale of temperature that most countries use besides the US. Water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°.
- Central Heat
- Most buildings are heated with this system. A furnace will burn a type of fuel to heat up water, steam, or air. Then it is circulated around the building to warm it up.
- Radiation
- The transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves that does not require matter. EX: In a vacuum(empty space).
- Fahrenheit
- Common scale of temperature used in the US where water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°.
- Temperature
- The measure of average kinetic energy of all particles within an object.*As kinetic energy rises, temperature rises; as kinetic energy decreases temperature decreases.
- Solar Heat
- Solar panels collect energy from the sun, which heats water that is pumped throughout the buliding. This is an active solar heating system.
- What temperature does water freeze and boil at? (in F)
- 32°F and boils at 212°F.
- Insulation
- Will keep cool air in during the summer and warm air in during the winter. Different substances are better insulators. For home use they are given R-values, which measures the insulation ratings of materials.
- What happens when temperature increases in an object?
- The object expands.
- Work and Heat both...
- Involve energy transfers and are mechanical processes. EX:rub your hands together.
- Passive Solar
- This does not require extra energy to work. Skylights and windows work as passive solar heating systems.
- Thermometer
- A tool to measure temperature by using expansion of liquid alcohol or mercury to indicate changes in temperature.
- Conductors
- Materials that allow heat energy to transfer easily, which will heat up and cool down quickly. Metals are good conductors and gases are poor ones.
- Heating System
- Transfer of energy to a substance to raise the temperature of the substance. Most involve heating air or water. EX: Body is an example of this, nutrients in food heat your blood when surrounded by cold air.
- Specific Heat
- A value that measures how much energy is needed to raise 1 kg of a substance 1K. These are fixed values for a given substance. If something has a high specific heat it requires more energy to heat it up. If something has a low specific heat it requires less energy to heat it up. EX: Specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg·K. Which means it takes 4186 J of energy to heat up 1 kg of water to Kelvin.
- Specific Heat Equation
- energy=specific heat·mass·temperature change. Q=cmΔt. Measured in Joules.
- Heat Transfer
- The greater the difference in the temperatures of the two objects, the more energy that will transfer as heat.
- Conduction
- The transfer of heat energy within a substance or two substances in contact. EX:Holding a metal pipe.