science terms
Terms
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- extrusive igneous rock
- rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface
- intrusive igneous rock
- rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's aurface
- foliation
- the metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands
- rock cycle
- the series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes
- cementation
- the process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form rock
- organic sedimentary rock
- sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants or animals
- contact metamorphism
- a change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to contact with magma
- regional metamorphism
- a change in the texture,structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in tempature and pressure over a large area, generally as a result of tectonic forces
- mafic
- describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in iron and that is generally dark in color.
- chemical sedimentary rock
- sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from the remains of plants or animals
- igneous rock
- rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies
- clastic sedimentary rock
- sedimentary rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted or cemented together
- felsic
- describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color
- nonfoliation
- the metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands
- compaction
- the process in which the volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlaying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments
- metamorphism
- the process in which one type of rock changes into metamorphic rock because of chemical processes or changes in tempature and pressure
- Bowen's reaction series
- the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point