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Chapter 14 terms and questions

Terms

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earths magnetic field
has reversed itself many times
earths crust
thinnest under the oceans
fossils
found in shale
foliated rock
slate
ferromagnesian minerals
rocks of the mantle consists of
weathering
the gradual disintegration of exposed rocks
batholith
large body of intrusive rock
silicon
the second most abundant element on earth
plutons
formed by the solidification of magma under the surface
erosion
process were rocks are worn down and the debris carried away
groundwater
subsurface liquid
oxygen and silicon
most abundant elements on earths crust
lithification
gradual hardening of rocks
shale
can convert metamorphically into gniess
glaciers
rivers and seas of ice formed formed from accumulated snow
limestone
can convert metamorphically into marble
metamorphic rocks
form by altering heat and pressure beneath earths surface
radius of earth core
1/2 of earths radius
ferromagnessian materials
usually green or black
running water
causes erosion
quartz
most abundant mineral on earth
fine grain structure
characteristic of rocks of volcanic origin
surface waves
are sent by earthquakes through the surface of the earth
minerals
substances of which rocks are composed
igneous rocks
form by cooling of molten state
limestone
rock readily attacked by chemical weathering
rayleigh wave
surface wave that is rotary
calcite
is not a silicate
foliation
arrangement of grain or minerals in parallel form
earthquakes
caused by shifts of earthal crust
mica
not found in marble
igneous rocks
cool from a molten state
core
consist of molten iron with a small solid inner core
earthquakes
sudden movement of solid rock along fracture surface called faults
s wave
body wave that is transversal
soil
consists of rock fragments mixed with varying amounts of organic material
love wave
surface wave that is transversal
magma
molten rock underground
surface waves
are sent by earthquakes through the interior of the earth
crust
outer shell of the earth
mantle
part of the earth with greatest volume
minerals
homogenous solids of which rocks are composed
radioactive materials
most of the heat in earths interior is caused by
silicate
most abundant mineral
volcano
an opening in the earths crust through which molten rock comes out
mica
cleavage occurs alot in the mineral
the majority of surface rocks are
sedimentary rocks
p waves
body wave that is longitudal
silicates
consist of continuous structures of oxygen and silicon ions
metamorphic rocks
altered by heat and pressure of the earths surface
sedimentary rocks
consolidate from materials from the disenagration or solution of other rocks.
oxygen
the most abundant element on earth's crust
silicon dioxide (sio2)
quartz
lava
molten rock above ground

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