Ch. 2 Atoms and Molecules: The Chemical Basis of Life
Terms
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- Heat of vaporization
- Amount of heat energy required to change 1 g of a substance from liquid to vapor
- Molecular Formula
- Gives actual number of each type of atom per molecule
- Molecular Biology
- Chemistry and Physics of the molecules that constitute living things
- Organic compounds
- Carbon-containing compounds that are generally large and complex
- Inorganic Compounds
- Water, many simple acids and bases, and simple salts
- Adhesion
- Name for the ability of water to stick to other surfaces
- Evaporative cooling
- When molecules escape and take their heat energy with them, cooling the sample
- Hydration
- In solution, each cation and anion of the compound is surrounded by oppositely charged ends of water molecules
- AMU Dalton
- Equal to the mass of a single proton or neutron
- Anion
- Negatively charge ion
- Autoradiography
- Radiation causes the appearance of dark silver grains in photographic film
- Reduction
- Chemical process in which an atom, ion or molecule gains electrons
- Hydrophobic
- Water fearing
- Capillary action
- Tendency of water to move in narrow tubes
- Cation
- Positively charged ion
- Molecular Mass
- Sum of the atomic masses ofthe component atoms of a single molecule
- Electronegativity
- Measure of an atom's attraction for shared electrons in chemical bonds
- Simplest Formula
- AKA empirical. Gives smallest whole-number ratios for the atoms present in compound
- Van der waals interactions
- Adjacent molecules may interact in regions of slight opposite charge
- Elements
- substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means
- Valence Electrons
- Most energetic and outward electrons
- Cohesion
- Name for the ability of water to stick to itself, causes surface tension
- Structural Formula
- Shows numbers and arrangement of molecules
- Bond energy
- Energy necessary to break a chemical bond
- Calorie
- amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of 1 g of water 1 degree C
- Hydrophilic
- Water loving
- Isotopes
- Name for an element with a different number of neutrons and atomic mass
- Hydrogen Bond
- Hydrogen becomes part of a molecule and becomes polar and attracts negative to positive
- Specific Heat
- Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance
- Atomic mass
- Number that indicates approximately how much matter an atom contains
- Redox Reaction
- An electron transfer that involves the transfer of the energy, oxidation-reduction
- Radioisotopes
- emit radiation when they decay
- Dynamic Equilibrium
- Rates of forward and backward reactions are equal
- Solute
- dissolved substance
- Electron shell
- Made up of electrons at similar energy levels, AKA same principal energy level
- Covalent Bond
- involves sharing of electrons between atoms
- Orbital hybridization
- Covalent bonds reform the molecule into a new shape
- Mole
- Amount of an element/compound whoese mass in grams is equivalent to its atomic mass
- Avogadro's Number
- 6.022 * 10 23
- Orbitals
- Contains 2 electrons max. Region of 3-d space
- Oxidation
- Chemical process when atom, ion or molecule loses electrons
- Atomic number
- The fixed number of prtons that help identify an element
- Solvent
- Liquid capable of dissolving many substances